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DH 134 Radiography > Term Test 3 > Flashcards

Term Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Most critical area of quality control that requires daily monitoring.

A

The monitoring of processing solutions.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a reference radiograph.

A
  • Helps to compare film densities of radiographs that are processed daily.
  • Helps make sure radiographs are high-quality images
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3
Q

What is a stepwedge?

What are stepwedge radiographs are used for?

A
  • A device constructed of uniform layered thicknesses of an x-ray absorbing material, usually aluminum.
  • Used to demonstrate short-scale and long-scale contrasts.
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4
Q

Who is qualified to calibrate dental x-ray machines.

A

A qualified technician.

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5
Q

Who is responsible for the quality assurance plan in the dental office.

A

The dentist.

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6
Q

When is the occlusal technique used?

A

When large areas of the mandible or maxilla need to be seen.

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7
Q

What size of film is used for an adult occlusal exposure?

A

Size 4.

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8
Q

What size of film is used for a small child occlusal exposure?

A

Size 2.

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9
Q

Occlusal images can be used for the following purposes: (10).

A
  • Locate retained roots of extracted teeth.
  • Locate supernumerary, unerupted, or impacted teeth.
  • Locate foreign bodies of the mandible and maxilla.
  • Locate salivary stones in the duct of the submandibular gland.
  • Locate and evaluate the extent of lesions in the maxilla or mandible.
  • Evaluate boundaries of maxillary sinus.
  • Evaluate fractures of the maxilla or mandible.
  • Aid in examination of patients who may only be able to open their mouths a few millimeters.
  • Examine area of the cleft palate.
  • Used to measure changes in the size and shape of the maxilla or the mandible.
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10
Q

Explain the Buccal-Object Rule…

A
  • A method used to locate the position of a tooth or object in the jaws.
  • Governs the orientation of structures portrayed in two radiographs exposed at different angulations.
  • When the dental structure or object seen in the second radiograph appears to have moved in the same direction as the shift of the PID.
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11
Q

What is the “thing” for the buccal object rule?

A

SLOB

Same Lingual; Opposite Buccal.

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12
Q

Know the purpose and use of extraoral imaging. (7).

A
  • Evaluate large areas of the skull and jaws.
  • To evaluate growth and development.
  • Evaluate impacted teeth.
  • To detect lesions, diseases, and conditions of the jaws.
  • Examine the extent of large lesions.
  • To evaluate trauma.
  • To evaluate the TMJ area.
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13
Q

Which extra-oral projection is best for examination of the maxillary sinus.

A

Waters projection

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14
Q

Which extra-oral projection is best for examination of the soft tissue profile of the face.

A

Lateral Cephalometric Projection

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15
Q

Review procedures and patient preparations for exposing a panoramic film.

A
  1. Prepare receptor
  2. Prepare Biteblock
  3. Choose exposure settings
  4. Adjust machine height
  5. Explain procedure to the patient
  6. Place lead apron
  7. Remove all objects (piercings, glasses, bobby pins, jewelry, intraoral prosthesis, bib chains, hearing aids, and other hair accessories).
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16
Q

Frankfort Plane:

A

The imaginary plane that intersects the orbital rim of the eye and the opening of the ear.

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17
Q

Midsagittal Plane:

A

an imaginary line or plane passing through the center of the body that divides it into right and left halves.

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18
Q

An intensifying screen is…

A

A device that transfers x-ray energy into visible light. The visible light in turn, exposes the screen film. This screen intensifies the effect of x-rays on the film. With the use of intensifying screens, less radiation is required to expose a screen film, and the patient is exposed to less radiation.

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19
Q

Know the recommended receptor sizes for bitewing, periapical and occlusal images of primary dentiton.

A

Primary (3-6 years old):

  • Occlusal maxillary: 1 (size 2)
  • Occlusal mandibular: 1 (size 2)
  • Bitewings: 2 (size 0)
  • PA Maxillary Molar: 2 (size 0)
  • PA Mandibular Molar: 2 (size 0).
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20
Q

Know the recommended receptor sizes for bitewing, periapical and occlusal images of transitional dentition.

A

Mixed (6-12 years old):

  • PA maxillary incisor: 1 (size 1 or 2)
  • PA maxillary canine: 2 (size 1 or 2)
  • PA mandibular anterior: 1 (size 1 or 2)
  • PA mandibular canine: 2 (size 1 or 2)
  • Bitewings: 2 (size 2)
  • PA Maxillary Molar: 2 (size 2)
  • PA Mandibular Molar: 2 (size 2).
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21
Q

Know the preferred radiographic technique for children with either primary or mixed dentition.

A
  • With PA’s either the bisecting technique or the paralleling technique can be used (depending on how large the child’s mouth is) the bisecting technique would be preferable for comfort in most cases.
  • Bitewing and occlusal technique also used.
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22
Q

Know the best approach when explaining a radiographic procedure to a child.

A

Image = picture.
Tubehead = camera.
Lead apron = coat.

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23
Q

Know the helpful hints to reduce the gag reflex. (6).

A
  • Never suggest gagging.
  • Reassure the patient that this is not unusual.
  • Suggest deep breathing.
  • Distract the patient.
  • Try to reduce tactile sensitivity (glass of ice water, or table salt on the tip of the tongue to confuse sensory nerve endings.
  • Use a topical anesthetic.
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24
Q

How does enamel appear on a radiograph?

A

Outermost radiopaque layer of the crown.

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25
Q

How does dentin appear on a radiograph?

A

Rounds pulp, appears radiopaque but less so than enamel.

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26
Q

How does Lamina Dura appear on a radiograph?

A

Wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of the tooth. Appears as a dense radiopaque line.

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27
Q

How does the alveolar bone appear on a radiograph?

A

…

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28
Q

How does cementum appear on a radiograph?

A

…

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29
Q

How does pulp appear on a radiograph?

A

Relatively radiolucent.

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30
Q

Know the 5 terms used to describe the bony prominences seen in maxillary and mandibular periapicals

A
  • Process
  • Ridge
  • Spine
  • Tubercle
  • Tuberosity
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31
Q

Canal:

A

tube-like passage way through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels.

32
Q

Foramen:

A

opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

33
Q

Fossa:

A

broad, shallow, scooped out or depressed area of bone.

34
Q

Sinus:

A

a hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone.

35
Q

Septum:

A

bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities.

36
Q

Suture:

A

an immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull.

37
Q

Know what part of the mandible may be seen in a maxillary periapical and know where this may be seen.

A
  • Coronoid process.
  • Maxillary molar periapical image. Appears as a triangular radiopacity. Can be superimposed over, or inferior to the maxillary tuberosity region.
38
Q

Where is the median palatine suture located? Is it radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

anterior maxillary PA. Thin radiolucent line.

39
Q

Where is the coronoid process located? Is it radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

maxillary molar periapical image. Radiopaque. Can be superimposed over, or inferior to the maxillary tuberosity region.

40
Q

Where is the Inverted Y located? Is it radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

Maxillary canine PA. Appears as a radiopaque upside down line.

41
Q

Where is the lingual foramen located? Is it radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

Mandibular PA. Appears as a small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.

42
Q

Where is the mental foramen located? Is it radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

Mandibular PA. Small, round or ovoid radiolucent area located apical to the mandibular premolar region.

43
Q

Where is the genial tubercle located? Is it radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

Mandibular PA. Appear as a ring shaped radiopacity inferior to the apices of the mandibular central incisors.

44
Q

Where is the Nasal Fossae (nasal cavity) located? Is it radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

Anterior maxillary PA. Appears as a large radiolucent area superior to the maxillary incisors.

45
Q

What landmark forms the prominence of the cheek?

A

Zygoma.

46
Q

What is buccal/labial mounting ?

A

radiographer views radiographs as if they are looking at their client.

47
Q

What is the preferred mounting method?

A

buccal/labial mounting.

48
Q

What is lingual mounting ?

A

radiographer views images from the lingual aspect.

49
Q

Review the Curve of Spee in relation to mounting bite-wings.

A
  • Begins at the tip of the lower canine and follows the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth to the anterior boarder of the ramus.
  • Curve of the maxillary arch is rounded or convex.
  • Curve of the mandibular arch is caved in or concave.
50
Q

What is the suggested order for mounting?

A
  1. Bitewings
  2. Maxillary anterior PA’s
  3. Mandibular anterior PA’s
  4. Maxillary posterior PA’s
  5. Mandibular posterior PA’s
51
Q

Interpretation:

A

explanation of what is viewed on a dental image.

52
Q

Diagnosis:

A

identification of disease by examination or analysis.

53
Q

What are the 3 terms that should be used when describing any lesion?

A

Appearance, location, and size.

54
Q

What are the terms to describe the appearence of radiolucent lesions?

A

Unilocular

Multilocular

55
Q

What are the terms to describe the location of radiolucent lesions?

A 
Periapical location: 
Inter-radicular location:
Edentulous zone: 
Pericoronal location:  
Alveolar bone loss:
56
Q

Periapical location:

A

around the apex of the tooth.

57
Q

Inter-radicular location:

A

between to roots of two adjacent teeth.

58
Q

Edentulous zone:

A

area without teeth.

59
Q

Pericoronal location:

A

refers to the area around the crown of an impacted tooth.

60
Q

Alveolar bone loss:

A

refers to loss of maxillary or mandibular bone that surrounds and supports the teeth.

61
Q

Unilocular:

A

one compartment.

62
Q

Multilocular:

A

multiple compartments (soap bubbles).

63
Q

What are the terms to describe the appearence of radiopaque lesions?

A 
Focal opacity: 
Target lesion: 
Multifocal confluent pattern: 
Irregular/ill-defined opacity: 
Ground glass opacity: 
Mixed lucent-opaque lesion: 
Soft tissue opacity:
64
Q

What are the terms to describe the location of radiopaque lesions?

A

Periapical location:
Inter-radicular location:
Edentulous zone: Pericoronal location:

65
Q

Focal Opacity:

A

well defined, localized radiopaque lesion on dental image.

66
Q

Target lesion:

A

localized radiopaque lesion on a dental image.

67
Q

Multifocal confluent pattern:

A

multiple radiopacities that appear to overlap or flow together.

68
Q

Irregular/ill-defined opacity:

A

radiopacity may exhibit an irregular, poorly defined pattern.

69
Q

Ground glass opacity:

A

granular or pebbled radiopacity that resembles pulverized glass. Resembles orange peel.

70
Q

Mixed lucent-opaque lesion:

A

exhibits both radiolucent and radiopaque components.

71
Q

Soft tissue opacity:

A

appears as a well-defined, radiopaque area located in soft tissue.

72
Q

Periapical location:

A

around the apex of the tooth.

73
Q

Inter-radicular location:

A

between to roots of two adjacent teeth.

74
Q

Edentulous zone:

A

area without teeth.

75
Q

Pericoronal location:

A

refers to the area around the crown of an impacted tooth.

DH 134 Radiography (3 decks)

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