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Biology 2 Chamberlain > Term Final > Flashcards

Term Final Flashcards

0
Q

Consists of bones, ligaments, and cartilages that support and move body parts

A

Skeletal system

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1
Q

The skin and its accessory structures

A

Integumentary system

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2
Q

Muscles providing forces to move body parts, maintain posture, and are the main source of body heat

A

Muscular system

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3
Q

The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs; communicate through nerve impulses

A

Nervous system

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4
Q

Includes all the glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones

A

Endocrine system

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5
Q

The heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood; transports substances throughout the internal environment

A

Cardiovascular system

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6
Q

Composed of lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen; transports substances throughout the internal environment

A

Lymphatic system

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7
Q

Mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine; absorbs nutrients and oxygen and excrete various wastes

A

Digestive system

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8
Q

Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, and lungs that move air in and out and exchange gases between blood and air

A

Respiratory system

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9
Q

Consists of the kidneys, uteters, urinary bladder, and urethra; purpose in maintaining water and electrolyte concentrations

A

Urinary system

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10
Q

Contains either the female uterus and vagina or the male testes and penis; produces a whole new organisms like itself

A

Reproductive system

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11
Q

A component of a homeostatic mechanism that establishes the range that is optimal for a particular measurement

A

Set point

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12
Q

Muscles or glands that effect changes in the body

A

Effectors

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13
Q

Specialized cells that provide information about the environment

A

Receptors

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14
Q

A state of balance in which the body’s internal environment remains in the normal range

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

The fluid surrounding body cells

A

Internal environment

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16
Q

A mechanism activated by an imbalance that corrects the imbalance

A

Negative feedback

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17
Q

Pertaining to the head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial

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18
Q

Pertaining to upper or lower limbs

A

Appendicular

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19
Q

Tissues and organs of the thoracic cavity that form a septum between the lungs

A

Mediastinum

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20
Q

Organs in body cavities, especially in the abdomen

A

Viscera

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21
Q

Serous membranes that enclose the lungs and line the chest wall

A

Pleural membranes

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22
Q

The membrane that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardial membranes

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23
Q

Lines the cavity of the abdomen

A

Peritoneal membrane

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24
Q

Organelles housing enzymes that catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondria

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25
Q

Cellular organelles enclosed by double-layered selective membranes that contain the genetic materials

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

Small structures in the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins

A

Nucleolus

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27
Q

A network of membranes found throughout the cell; synthesizes and packages proteins

A

Rough ER

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28
Q

And organelle that prepares and modifies cellular products for secretion

A

Golgi apparatus

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29
Q

Organelle composed of RNA and protein that is a structural support for protein synthesis and includes RNA molecules that function as enzymes

A

Ribosome

30
Q

A cells framework of protein filaments and tubules

A

Cytoskeleton

31
Q

A network of membranes functioning in lipid metabolism

A

Smooth ER

32
Q

A cellular organelle built of microtubules that organizes the mitotic spindle

A

Centrioles

33
Q

Membranous cytoplasmic sacs formed by unfoldings of the cell membrane

A

Vesicles

34
Q

Membranous sacs abundant in kidney and liver cells that contain enzymes that catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions

A

Peroxisomes

35
Q

Motile tail-like cellular structure such as on a sperm cell

A

Flagella

36
Q

Organelle that contains digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

37
Q

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as the solution with which it is compared

A

Isotonic

38
Q

A solution with a greater osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared

A

Hypertonic

39
Q

A solution with a lower osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared

A

Hypotonic

40
Q

Random movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration toward one of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

41
Q

Diffusion in which carrier molecules transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

A

Facilitated diffusion

42
Q

Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of greater water concentration to an area of lesser water concentration

A

Osmosis

43
Q

Fluid accumulation within tissue spaces

A

Edema

44
Q

Process that requires energy to move a substance across a cell membrane, usually against the concentration gradient

A

Active transport

45
Q

Process by which a cell membrane envelops a substance and draws it into the cell and a vesicle

A

Endocytosis

46
Q

Stage of mitosis when chromosomes become visible

A

Prophase

47
Q

Stage of mitosis when chromosomes align in the middle of this cell

A

Metaphase

48
Q

Stage in mitosis when duplicate chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell

A

Anaphase

49
Q

Stage in mitosis when newly formed cell separate

A

Telophase

50
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

51
Q

Process by which a cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings

A

Pinocytosis

52
Q

A process that moves specific kinds of particles into the cell

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

53
Q

Process by which a cell engulfs and digests solids

A

Phagocytosis

54
Q

And undifferentiated cell that can divide to two daughter stem cells, or a stem cell and a progenitor

A

Stem cells

55
Q

cell specialization

A

Differentiation

56
Q

A daughter cell of a stem cell that is partially specialized

A

Progenitor cells

57
Q

Vinegar cup

A

Acetabul-

58
Q

Axis

A

Ax-

59
Q

Bud

A

-Blast

60
Q

Wrist

A

Carp-

61
Q

Break

A

Clast-

62
Q

Knob

A

Condyle

63
Q

A crow’s beak

A

Corac

64
Q

Sieve

A

Cribr-

65
Q

Pit

A

Fov-

66
Q

Joint socket

A

Glen-

67
Q

Among, between

A

Inter-

68
Q

Inside

A

Intra-

69
Q

Passage

A

Meat-

70
Q

Tooth

A

Odont-

71
Q

Make, produce

A

Poie-

72
Q

Something inserted

A

Calat-

73
Q

Crest

A

Crist-

Biology 2 Chamberlain (7 decks)

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