Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOC 100 Introductory Sociology > Term Exam 1 > Flashcards

Term Exam 1 Flashcards

This deck is based on all materials covered in the first third of Ken Caine's SOC 100 class. Material here comes directly from the study guide, which covers overlap between textbook and lecture.

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the fifth dimension and what does it mean to live in it?

A

Living in the social dimension deepens our understanding of the 3rd- and 4th-dimensions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does Brym define sociology?

A

The study of human action in a social context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is determinism?

A

The belief that everything in our life happens the way it does for a specific reason.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is volunteerism?

A

The belief that we alone control our destiny.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does higher education do?

A
  • Make life meaningful
  • Guarantee a good job
  • Provides a place to learn and discover
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sociological approach?

A

The idea that the relations we have with others both creates opportunities and limits our thoughts and actions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who wrote “Suicide” and what did it examine?

A

Emile Durkheim examined three levels of social solidarity in society and its effects on the suicide rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is social solidarity?

A

Sharing of beliefs, values, and morals in society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Durkheim’s study suggest?

A

The higher the social solidarity, the lower the suicide rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is anomic suicide?

A

Suicide as a result of lack of education or normlessness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the steps to Durkheim’s approach to research?

A
  1. Identify important behaviour
  2. Identify social forces that influence behaviour
  3. Identify changes that can improve human welfare relative to behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Steckley’s definition of sociology?

A

The systematic study of society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In what three ways is sociology distinct?

A
  • It is concerned with society
  • It examines society as totalities
  • Gives explanation, analysis, and debate about contemporary life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Dr. Caine’s definition of sociology?

A

The social science that studies the development, structure, and functioning of human societies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why study sociology?

A

You achieve a greater understanding of:

  • The social world
  • One’s self
  • Others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who posited the sociological imagination and what is it?

A

C. Wright Mills posited it as the connection between our private lives and the world in which we live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does Lupe Fiasco represent the sociological imagination?

A

He observes, through critical questioning, life in the ghetto, and connects it to larger societal problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does bell hooks assert about critical thinking?

A

It is at the heart of life transformation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is Cameron Russell’s sociological imagination different from Lupe Fiasco’s?

A

Russell’s comes from a place of privilege and Fiasco’s comes from one of disadvantage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Cameron Russell’s key argument?

A

That one cannot unpack legacies of oppression when you’re the beneficiary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens without a sociological imagination?

A

Social problems become seen as private problems, detached from larger issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a social location?

A

A person’s location in life comprised of factors like their race, sexuality, gender, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is intersectionality?

A

The idea of overlapping systems of oppression and advantage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is disproportionate representation?

A

Overrepresentation of specific groups in statistics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What did Confucius contribute to sociology?

A

The idea of role-modelling in leadership.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What did Ibn Khaldun contribute to sociology?

A

A systematic approach to studying societies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What dramatic social changes brought about modern sociology?

A

The industrial revolution and urbanization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who founded modern sociology and when?

A

Thomas Malthus in the 19th-century.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Who was the first sociologist and when did he coin the term?

A

August Comte in 1839.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is positivism?

A

A research method, posited by Comte, based on experiment, measurement, and observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who was the first woman sociologist and what were her major contributions?

A

Harriet Martineu’s major contributions included:

  • Translation of August Comte’s work
  • Study of American society between 1834-36
  • Systematic study of women’s roles in society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Who influenced Herbert Spencer and what term did he coin?

A

Charles Darwin and August Comte inspired his “survival of the fittest.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Who were the big three sociologists?

A
  • Max Weber
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Karl Marx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What was Max Weber’s biggest contribution?

A

The Protestant Work Ethic and its relation to the rise of modern capitalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was Emile Durkheim’s biggest contribution?

A

Social facts, which have three characteristics:

  • Developed separate from you as an individual
  • Characteristic of a particular group
  • Constraining or coercing force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What was Karl Marx’s biggest contribution.

A

His conception of political economy as being the most important factor in society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What were the three main approaches to sociology?

A
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Conflict Theory
  • Symbolic Interactionism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does structural functionalism mean?

A

As a biological analogy for society, that society consists of structures and the functions that each structure performs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What did Robert Merton contribute to sociology?

A

The idea of functions that structures can produce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What were Merton’s three functions?

A
  • Manifest functions
  • Latent functions
  • Latent dysfunctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are manifest functions?

A

Functions that are both intended and easily recognized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are latent functions?

A

Functions that are unintended.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are latent dysfunctions?

A

Functions that are unintended with negative consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does conflict theory suggest?

A

That core to all society is conflict.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the Four C’s to conflict theory?

A
  • Conflict
  • Class
  • Contestation
  • Change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is symbolic interactionism?

A

Posited by Weber, it looks at the meaning of individual’s daily social interaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What did G. H. Mead posit?

A
  • Socialization
  • The development of self
  • Social roles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Why is Herbert Blumer significant?

A

He coined the term “symbolic interactionism.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What did Erving Goffman posit?

A

The dramaturgical analysis, which involves the sociology of everyday life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are total institutions?

A

Posited by Goffman, a place where a great number of similarly situated people cut off from the wider community together lead an enclosed, round of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is feminist theory?

A

A sociological approach, rooted in conflict theory, dedicated to addressing discrimination against women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What did Dorothy Smith contribute to sociology?

A

Standpoint theory, which states that all information is developed from the partial standpoint of the researcher.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is first-wave feminism?

A

A campaign for civil and political rights.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is second-wave feminism?

A

A campaign for public and private rights.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is third-wave feminism?

A

A campaign for the inclusion of LGBTQ+ and racialized individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is postmodern theory?

A

A sociological approach, rooted in conflict theory, that seeks to include a diverse set of marginalized voices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is a totalizing discourse?

A

Any narrow, dominant claim, as posited by Michel Foucault, about how knowledge is achieved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is an archaeology of knowledge?

A

Posited by Foucault, an examination of how discourses develop and truths are distorted over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What ideas did Michel Foucault posit?

A
  • Totalizing discourse

- Archaeology of knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is micro-sociology?

A

Examination of a small group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is macro-sociology?

A

An examination of society and institutions as a whole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What are three sociological audiences?

A
  • Professional
  • Policy
  • Public
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is professional sociology?

A

Sociology geared toward specific problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is policy sociology?

A

Sociology that generates data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is public sociology?

A

Sociology that aims to make sociology more accessible to the public

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What are the four key distinctions of Canadian sociology?

A
  • French/English relations
  • Western development
  • Class-ethnicity
  • Blurred line between sociology and anthropology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What did Carl Dawson contribute to Canadian sociology.

A
  • First professional sociologist in Canada
  • Founder of McGill sociology department
  • Writer of the first Canadian sociology textbook
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What did Everett Hughes contribute to Canadian sociology.

A

An examination of the ethnic division of labour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What did Horace Miner contribute to Canadian sociology?

A

Demonstrated the blurred distinction between sociology and anthropology in Canada.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What did John Porter contribute to Canadian sociology.

A

The vertical mosaic of racial hierarchy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What did Harold Innes contribute to Canadian sociology.

A

The Staples Theory of natural resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What did S. D. Clark contribute to Canadian sociology.

A

The father of a Canadian approach to sociology involving history.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is research methodology?

A

A system of methods a researcher uses to gather data on a particular question.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What does the insider voice provide?

A

Information from the subject being studied from their subjective experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What does the outsider voice provide?

A

Privilege to decide over the authenticity of the insider perspective. This was previously thought to be the best perspective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is qualitative research?

A

Close examination of uncountable characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What does ethnography do?

A

Describe and explain the behaviour, values, beliefs, and practices of participants in a given cultural setting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

How is ethnography studied.

A

Through fieldwork and ideally through participant observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What is institutional ethnography and who posited it?

A

Dorothy Smith posited institutions having two sides with unique data:

  • Ruling interests
  • Experiential data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What are ruling interests?

A

The interests of the organization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What are ruling relations?

A

Relations activated when workers follow rules and practices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What is experiential data?

A

Data from workers (informants) in an organization outside of management.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What did Aileen Ross study?

A

Women’s shelters in Montreal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What are case studies?

A

Research design that takes a single case or a few select examples as its subject.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Who conducted a study of “Toddlers and Tiaras” contestants and what did it conclude?

A

Hillary Levy Friedman concluded that participation in the contest ensures success later in life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

What were the four keys to success on the community-based policing on the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg reserve?

A
  • A stable political environment
  • Good relationships with the provincial police
  • Strong relationships with youth
  • Training
87
Q

What are narratives?

A

The stories people tell about themselves, their situations, and others around them.

88
Q

What do narratives help accomplish?

A
  • Give importance to disadvantaged voices
  • Deeply understand situations
  • Include stories of the researcher
89
Q

What is content analysis?

A

The study of cultural artifacts and analyzing the themes they reflect.

90
Q

What are two distinct properties of content analysis?

A
  • Not specifically created to be studied

- Data is preexisting and non-interactive

91
Q

What is the goal of NoHomophobes?

A

To show the prevalence of casual homophobia.

92
Q

What content analysis did Goffman perform?

A

A study of the way advertisements are directed toward males and females.

93
Q

What is discourse analysis?

A

An approach to analyzing conversations, speech, text, and symbolic events. There are two types:

  • Analyzing discourse as it is properly understood
  • Taking a broader definition of text
94
Q

What does Foucault’s genealogy analyze?

A

It takes a broader definition of text and traces the origins of contemporary genealogy.

95
Q

What is quantitative research?

A

Research on social elements that can be measured.

96
Q

What is statistics?

A

A science that involves the use of numbers to map social behaviours and beliefs.

97
Q

What do operational definitions do?

A

Transform abstract concepts into concrete, observable, measurable, and countable concepts.

98
Q

What is a Market Based Measure?

A

A way to create an operational definition for the poverty line.

99
Q

What are variables?

A

Concepts with measurable traits and characteristics that can vary or change.

100
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

What we use to manipulate the environment.

101
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that is affected by the idependent.

102
Q

What is correlation?

A

When two variables are associated more frequently than by chance.

103
Q

What is direct/positive correlation?

A

When variables increase or decrease together.

104
Q

What is negative/inverse correlation?

A

When variables increase or decrease in opposite directions.

105
Q

What is cauastion?

A

Linking effects to causes.

106
Q

What is spurious reasoning?

A

When you see a correlation and falsely assume causation.

107
Q

What questions can you ask to analyze statistics?

A
  • What are the sources?
  • How was the number produced?
  • What interests does the number serve?
  • What is the operational definition involved?
108
Q

What are the four principles of research ethics?

A
  • Voluntary participation
  • Informed consent
  • Anonymity and confidentiality
  • No unnecessary harm
109
Q

What research ethics did Laud Humphrey’s “Tearoom Trade” violate?

A

All research ethics principles.

110
Q

What are the steps to the scientific method?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Research question
  3. Background research
  4. Hypothesis
  5. Research design
  6. Gather data
  7. Analyze data
  8. Revise hypothesis or present results
111
Q

What is social structure?

A

The way society is organized of different parts.

112
Q

What is culture?

A

Systems of behaviours, beliefs, knowledge, practices, and values including material items.

113
Q

How is culture contested?

A

There is no agreement on what constitutes a culture.

114
Q

What does authenticity mean in reference to culture?

A

Asking if a representation of culture is true to a specific cultural group.

115
Q

What are some traditional social institutions?

A
  • Economy
  • Family
  • Politics
  • Education
  • Religion
116
Q

What are some contemporary social institutions?

A
  • Science and technology
  • Mass media
  • Sport
  • Military
  • Medicine
117
Q

What is the structural functionalist perspective on culture?

A

Culture integrates people into groups.

118
Q

What is the conflict theory perspective on culture?

A

Culture serves the interests of powerful groups.

119
Q

What is the symbolic interactionist perspective on culture?

A

Culture creates group identity from diverse cultural meanings.

120
Q

What are cultural universals?

A

According to structural functionalism, these are common features found across all societies.

121
Q

What is cultural adaptation?

A

The process by which environmental pressures are addressed through changes in practices, traditions, and behaviours.

122
Q

What is dominant culture?

A

The culture that holds political and economic power and is able to impose its values on a given society.

123
Q

What are minority cultures?

A

Those cultures outside the mainstream.

124
Q

What is a subculture?

A

A shared set of cultural beliefs that differ from but are ot in opposition to the norm.

125
Q

What is a counterculture?

A

A subculture in opposition to the dominant culture in some way.

126
Q

What is high culture?

A

The culture of the elite, associated with the arts.

127
Q

What is popular culture?

A

The culture of the majority, created by the people who consume it who also have agency to interpret it and use it.

128
Q

What is mass culture?

A

Culture created those in power for the masses, who don’t have agency over it.

129
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

An idea, posited by Bordieu, that is a set of skills and knowledge needed to acquire sophisticated tastes.

130
Q

What is a simulacra?

A

Posited by Baudrillard, cultural images and stereotypes that are produced and reproduced as commodity.

131
Q

Why are simulacra important?

A

They help to examine capitalism and consumerism.

132
Q

What is decipherment?

A

Looking at a text for the definitive interpretation. The mass culture approach.

133
Q

What is reading?

A

Looking at the text as you see fit. The popular culture approach.

134
Q

What are values?

A

Standards used by a culture to describe abstract qualities.

135
Q

What is ideal culture?

A

The culture people believe exists.

136
Q

What is actual culture?

A

The culture that actually exists.

137
Q

What two things are noteworthy about a comparison of American and Canadian values?

A
  • The US is far more patriarchal

- There is a growing disconnect in the two countries’ values

138
Q

What are norms?

A

Rules or standards of behaviour that people are expected to adhere to.

139
Q

What are sanctions?

A

Rewards or punishments for upholding or violating norms. They may be positive or negative.

140
Q

What are William Sumner’s three kinds of norms?

A
  • Folkways
  • Mores
  • Taboos
141
Q

What are folkways?

A

Rules of etiquette.

142
Q

What are mores?

A

Formally codified norms that musn’t be broken.

143
Q

What are taboos?

A

Norms that if violated are viewed as revolting.

144
Q

What are symbols?

A

Aspects of cultures that take on great meaning in society.

145
Q

What is the significance of Baltej Dhillon?

A
  • He is the first turban-wearing RCMP officer

- He wears his cultural symbol while in a symbolic role for Canadians

146
Q

What is the significance of the hijab to young women?

A

It is contentious, as some believe it to be constraining, while some see it as liberating. This proves that symbols can be contested.

147
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Holding up one’s culture as the standard to which all other cultures should be judged.

148
Q

How was the Potlatch a victim of ethnocentrism?

A

It existed contrary to European’s ideas of religion and the Protestant Work Ethic, and was thus banned in 1884.

149
Q

What is eurocentrism?

A

Taking a primarily European or western viewpoint to address others.

150
Q

What is Manfred Steger’s cultural globalization?

A

The intensification and expansion of cultural flows across the world.

151
Q

What is cultural relativism and why is it sometimes problematic?

A

The ability to judge past figures and events in their proper historical context. It may become problematic when analyzing horrible historical practices.

152
Q

What is presentism?

A

The inability to judge figures of the past in their proper historical context.

153
Q

What is sociolinguistics?

A

The study of language as part of culture.

154
Q

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis posit?

A

The existence of linguistic determinism.

155
Q

What does linguistic determinism state?

A

That the way we understand the world is shaped by the language we speak.

156
Q

Why do we study culture?

A

Helps us clear up misconceptions and raise understandings about other cultures.

157
Q

What three things do sociologists seek to identify according to Brym?

A
  • Important or interesting behaviour
  • Specific social forces
  • Larger institutional, political, or other change
158
Q

Why, according to C. Wright Mills, do sociologists study what they do?

A

To help people understand what they are and what they can become in particular social and historical contexts.

159
Q

How many African American men are missing and why?

A

1.5M, due to violence.

160
Q

How do these missing men affect the hip-hop music?

A

Allows for themes of death and violence to permeate the genre.

161
Q

Where does hip-hop have its origins?

A

In the civil rights movement.

162
Q

What was the result of shocking social conditions following the civil rights movement?

A

New shocking musical form.

163
Q

How did the emergence of gangster rap change hip-hop?

A

Converted rebellion into mass consumption–commodified dissent.

164
Q

What are the three approaches to obtaining “street cred?”

A
  • Embrace the white, middle-class audience
  • Return to the hood, street-tough
  • Stage gun battles for public consumption
165
Q

What are the three failed promises of hip-hop?

A
  • Develop a sense of black male identity
  • Move upward in an unequal system
  • Become empowered
166
Q

What is the important take-away from “Masculinity in a Bottle?”

A

Hypermasculinity hurts both men and women.

167
Q

What is hypermasculinity?

A

Exaggeration of male stereotypical behaviour, with an emphasis on physical strength, aggression, and sexuality.

168
Q

How does hypermasculinity hurt both men and women?

A

Men and women both fall into imagined social norms.

169
Q

What is socialization?

A

A learning process that involves development or changes in the individual’s sense of self.

170
Q

When does primary socialization take place?

A

During childhood.

171
Q

When does secondary socialization take place?

A

Later in life.

172
Q

What is the key takeaway from Genie Wiley’s story?

A

That, as a victim of child abuse, she missed critical development periods because a lack of association. She will never recover from this lack of socialization.

173
Q

What is Talcott Parsons’ take on socialization?

A

Structuralist, that it is the end result of the internalization of values and norms.

174
Q

What is Dennis Wrong’s take on socialization?

A

That we can resist socialization, and that internalization can oversocialize the human being.

175
Q

What does biological determinism believe?

A

That the greater part of who we are is determined by our genes.

176
Q

What are two key beliefs of behaviourism?

A
  • Humans are shaped by their external environment

- Behaviour can be modified

177
Q

What is Freud’s take on socialization?

A

That it is a balance of the biological and the socio-cultural.

178
Q

What were the three components of Freud’s psychoanalysis

A
  1. Id
  2. Superego
  3. Ego
179
Q

What is the id?

A

The “instinctive drives,” and the driving force of personality.

180
Q

What is the superego?

A

Polices the id, and governs moral behaviour.

181
Q

What is the ego?

A

Mediates between the conscious and unconscious, and makes sense of what the individual self does and thinks.

182
Q

What are agents of socialization?

A

Groups that have a significant impact on a person’s socialization.

183
Q

What are Mead’s significant others?

A

Individuals, primarily family and friends, who aid in socizalization.

184
Q

Who are Mead’s generalized others?

A

Attitudes, viewpoints, and general expectations of that society, that aid in socialization.

185
Q

What are the three stages of socialization of children, according to Mead?

A
  1. Preparatory stage
  2. Play stage
  3. Game stage
186
Q

What is the preparatory stage?

A

Imitation.

187
Q

What is the play stage?

A

Child is aware of others’ viewpoints.

188
Q

What is the game stage?

A

Child consider’s other’s viewpoints.

189
Q

What does Cooley’s Looking Glass Self explain?

A

How the self develops.

190
Q

What are the three components of the Looking Glass Self?

A
  • How you imagine you appear to others
  • How you imagine others judge your appearance
  • How you feel as a result
191
Q

Who is the first agent of socialization?

A

The family.

192
Q

What are groups that share key characteristics called?

A

Peer groups.

193
Q

What is peer pressure?

A

Social force exerted on people by his or her peers.

194
Q

What does narrow socialization value?

A

Obedience and conformity.

195
Q

What does broad socialization value?

A

Individualism and independence.

196
Q

What did Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment demonstrate?

A

That children are likely to repeat behaviours modeled by adults.

197
Q

What are the two aspects of the social cognitive learning theory?

A
  • Children repeat adult behaviours

- We can assess the pros and cons of actions

198
Q

What are longitudinal studies?

A

Long-term studies.

199
Q

What are two theories that explain children and media violence?

A
  • Observational learning

- Desensitization

200
Q

What is observational learning?

A

When kids acquire learning scripts from adults.

201
Q

What is desensitization?

A

When increased exposure to things numbs our natural negative reactions.

202
Q

What is Jib Fowle’s assertion about media violence?

A

That portrayal of violence in the media has no effect on violence rates.

203
Q

What is habitus?

A

An idea, posited by Bordieu, of class- or socially-acquired characteristics that play a role in socialization.

204
Q

How do teachers effect socialization?

A

Their social location influences what they teach, therefore, what the children learn.

205
Q

What does Kloepfenstein’s research show about black teachers to black students?

A

That black teacher role-models motivate black students to enrol in higher math classes.

206
Q

What two things does Elkind assert?

A
  • Hurried child syndrome

- New technology creates a generation gap

207
Q

What is hurried child syndrome?

A

Children having the same stress levels as adults.

208
Q

What is resocialization?

A

The process of unlearning old ways and learning new ways in a new environment.

209
Q

When does voluntary resocialization happen?

A

When someone starts a new part of their life.

210
Q

When does involuntary resocialization happen?

A

When somehow someone is forced to change.

211
Q

What is a rite of passage?

A

A ritual or ceremony that denotes a change of status.

212
Q

What is a total institution?

A

Posited by Goffman, an institution where people are isolated from society and manipulated by administration.

213
Q

What is a degradation ceremony?

A

Where someone is stripped of their individuality.

SOC 100 Introductory Sociology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions