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History Gr 7 Bosman > Term 4 - Co-operation & conflict on the frontiers of the Cape Colony early 19th Century > Flashcards

Term 4 - Co-operation & conflict on the frontiers of the Cape Colony early 19th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Importance of 1806

A

Britain takes over the Cape Colony from the VOC a 2nd and final time (because wat broke out between France and Holland again)

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2
Q

Importance of 1820

A

British Settlers on Eastern frontier to form a buffer against Xhosa raids

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3
Q

Importance of 1795

A

Britain took over the Cape from the VOC because they were scared the French would do so and ruin their roaring trade with the East

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4
Q

Importance of 1803

A

Britain handed the Cape back to Holland (because the Napoleonic wars were over)

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5
Q

When was the battle of Muizenberg?

A

1795 - lasted 6 weeks after Britain sent 9 warships to do fight against the VOC army

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6
Q

When was the battle of Blaauwberg?

A

1806 - lasted only a few days the British defeated the Dutch

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7
Q

What improvements did the British make in their new colony?

A
  • Lower taxes than VOC
  • Farmers sell produce to anyone
  • Imported farming equipment
  • Introduced new farming methods
  • Water taps in Cape Town streets
  • Newspapers and horse-racing
  • Debating societies and cricket
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8
Q

The Free Burghers (Dutch) trekked not only North but also …?

A

East - They wanted to get away from the hot summers and cold winters and so found grazing between the Sundays and Fish rivers.

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9
Q

When did the 9 frontier wars start and why?

A
  • 1780

- A fixed boundary was created and Xhosa farmers West of the boundary were told to move East of the boundary

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10
Q

Which towns developed on the frontier?

A

Swellendam

Graaff-Reinet

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11
Q

In which area was the nine frontier wars fought?

A

Suurveld (1779 - 1879 - 100 years) - between the Xhosas and the Trekboers

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12
Q

Which British governor sent troops to the Suurveld to drive out the Xhosas?

A

Sir John Cradock

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13
Q

Which Xhosa chief fought the British in the 6th Frontier war and was captured when he tried to negotiate for peace?

A

Hintsa in 1835

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14
Q

What was the end result of all the Frontier wars?

A

All the territory and inhabitants of the Eastern Cape came under British authority

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15
Q

Name the famous Xhosa chief who fought the British and ended up on Robben Island?

A

Chief Maqoma (please check your textbook Page 153 and study him as a case study. All the work is summed up there very neatly)

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16
Q

What is the Spanish word for “little war” and what is such a war?

A
  • Guerilla

- Type of warfare in which small groups of soldiers make surprise attacks on their target and then move off quickly

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17
Q

How was the Cape Colony governed after 1806 when the British took over control?

A
  • Colony divided into districts
  • Districts governed by British officials
  • Dutch chose own committees and magistrates
  • Passed laws where European farmers needed to register their Khoi-khoi servants
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18
Q

True or false? The Khoi-khoi joined the British in a special regiment that went to fight the Xhosa in the frontier wars…

A

True (they were paid in alcohol, tobacco and salaries) - and they were very good

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19
Q

Why did the Dutch farmers form their own commandos?

A

To not give up owing slaves

Maybe also to protect themselves from Xhosa attacks

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20
Q

How many forts were built along the Fish river to watch the daily movements of the Xhosas?

A

11

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21
Q

Who was the Governor in the Eastern Cape from 1836-1838 who tried to negotiate peace through the so-called treaty system?

A

Andries Stockenström

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22
Q

Why did the British government set aside 50000 pounds to bring 4000 settlers to the eastern Cape?

A
  • To give employment to some of the over 300000 unemployed soldiers after the end of the Napoleonic wars
  • To give them farms to create a buffer against the Xhosa
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23
Q

Name some of the problems the British Settlers had on their farms

A
  • Drought
  • Diseases
  • Floods
  • Wild animals
  • Xhosa raids
  • lack of labour
  • Long distances from towns
  • Lack of transport
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24
Q

What did the British Settlers do after failing to farm?

A

They became teachers, lawyers, builders, shoe makers, carpenters and furniture makers in Grahamstown of Port Elizabeth

25
Q

Who was Dr John Philip?

A

He was a SA missionary who asked the government to abolish slavery

26
Q

When was slavery abolished in the Cape?

A

1834

27
Q

What was Ordinance 50 all about?

A

A law that proclaimed:

  • Khoi-khoi had equal rights to Europeans
  • No pass laws
  • Khoi-khoi could own land
  • All slaves freed in 1834
28
Q

What happened with the slaves after they were set free?

A
  • An apprentice system (slaves worked u paid for owners for four years and then decide)
  • Slaves with skills (building, wagon-making, cooking, sewing, carpentry) found work
  • Many carried on working for their farm owners
29
Q

Why were the slave owners furious about the abolition of slavery?

A
  • Lost lots of money invested in slaves
  • Now they had to carry extra expenses with salaries
  • They did not accept the idea that the Khoi-khoi and freed slaves were equal to them
30
Q

Who were the Inboekelinge?

A

Voortrekker servants treated like slaves in Transvaal between 1840-1870. The only got food and shelter and no pay and were not allowed to leave.

31
Q

How were the inboekelinge caught?

A

African and European men kidnapped children during raids and traded them by putting them in wagons.

32
Q

What work did the Inboekelinge do?

A
  • Domestic labour
  • Herdsmen
  • Canal diggers for irrigation
  • Constructors of dam and kraal walls
  • Builders of Boer houses
33
Q

What did the Trekboers do on the Northern frontier?

A
  • Moved about finding grazing for the animals

- Sold hides of hunted wild animals to traders in Cape Town

34
Q

Name the groups along the Orange river

A 
Griquas
Tswana
Batlokwa
Bataung
Barolong
35
Q

Name the groups in the North-East of SA

A

Tsonga
Venda
Pedi
Swazi

36
Q

What things were traded?

A

Skins and ostrich feathers for building materials, tools, cooking pots and brandy

37
Q

Of which Kingdom was Moshoeshoe the king?

A

Lesotho (where the Basotho lived) along the Caledon river

- They traded maize, wheat, sorghum and ponies for guns, iron and blankets

38
Q

What became in great demand overseas and which led to larger groups of chiefdoms that controlled and protected the industry

A

Ivory

39
Q

Why did the chiefs go on cattle raids which led to tensions and wars caused by the competition for trade?

A

The did not want to sell/ trade their own cattle

40
Q

NB - Look at the table on P 162 in the textbook (and completed in the workbooks again)

A

Page 162 and workbook!

41
Q

Why were guns important for trade?

A
  • For hunting
  • Cattle raids
  • Protection from opponents
  • Protection from wild animals
42
Q

Why were there so many guns being traded?

A

Guns were important and there were thousands of guns available after the Napoleonic Wards ended

43
Q

Who were the Kora?

A

A nomadic Khoi-khoi tribe named after the first chief (kora) and became cattle raiders of other tribes along the Orange River

44
Q

Name a famous Kora leaders (who captured 300 of his own raiding men and handed them over to the Cape)?

A

Klaas Lukas

45
Q

Who were the Griquas?

A 
Mixed group of:
- Runanway slaves
- Trekboers
- Khoi-khoi
- Rebellious colonists
(They moved inland to escape colonial rule)
46
Q

Name two well-known Griqua Captains (leaders)

A

Adam Kok

Andries Waterboer

47
Q

Where did the Griquas trade with other tribes?

A

Orange River

48
Q

Why is there a Griqualand West (GW) and Griqualand East (GE)?

A

GW came first (Andries Waterboer gave the name)
The British took over GW in 1874 because there were diamonds
Then Adam Kok II led a group of Griquas to Natal and created GE (towns like Kokstad, Matatiele, Mount Currie)

49
Q

Which group of chiefdoms built big stone-walled towns similar in size to Cape Town?

A

The Tswana (a part of the Sotho people)

50
Q

The Tswana chiefs were powerful because:…

A

They controlled the trade in cattle, goats, sheep, grain, tobacco, furs, hides, skins, feathers, wood, metal and leather work, carved ivory, copper and pottery (wow that is a lot of stuff)!

51
Q

From which countries (including from SA) did the Christian missionaries come to SA?

A

Britain, Scotland, Holland, Germany, France, America

52
Q

What things did the missionaries do and teach in the 1800s?

A
  • Built mission stations on the Cape frontier
  • Convert people to Christianity
  • Taught building churches, schools, clinics and houses
  • Developed written forms of indigenous languages
  • Reading and writing
  • Translate the Bible and prayer books into local languages
53
Q

Why were Missionaries disappointed with the result of their work?

A
  • Africans did not embrace Western values and religion
  • Africans did not want to change traditional:
    + Customs
    + Dress
    + Ancestral workship
    + Polygamy (having more that one wife)
54
Q

Who were some of the first converts of the missionaries?

A 
blind people
lepers,
cripples
albinos
(all driven out of their own societies)
In 1800s drought and wars drove many to the mission stations
55
Q

How many of the 400000 Xhosas in the Eastern Cape were living in mission statements in 1850?

A

16000 in 32 mission stations

56
Q

What role did the Missionaries play in the expansion of trade of the Cape Colony Frontier?

A

The mission stations needed building materials, farm implements, furniture, bedding, clothes and lots of other household items

57
Q

Which country did the missionary Robert Moffat come from?

A

Scotland

58
Q

Where did he spend most of his missionary life?

A

Kuruman

59
Q

Into which language did Moffat translate the Bible?

A

The Batswana language

History Gr 7 Bosman (4 decks)

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