Term 3 - Colonisation of the Cape 17th-18th centuries Flashcards
What does the Dutch abbreviatin “VOC” stand for (in English)?
Dutch East India Company
When did the VOC build a refreshment station in the Cape?
1652
Why was the refreshment station built in the Cape?
To supply sailors with fresh fuit and vegetables (so that they don’t die of scurvy on the long voyage to the East)
Who were the indigenous pastoralists who exchanged their cattle for iron and other things?
The Khoi-khoi
Who were the Free Burghers?
Dutch VOC workers who worked for five years and then got released from their contracts. They then started farming inland and took slaves to supply the VOC with enough fruit and vegetables
What is one of the important big issues surrounding the expansion of the Cape’s expanding frontiers?
Land and dispossession (conflict over land between the Trekboers and the indigenous people)
Who came to the early Cape and developed the wine industry?
The French Huguenots
Remember to do the revision in the text book and workbook of Unit 1 (revision from Grade 5 - Page 126-128)
Did you do it? ;)
Which ship was shipwrecked in Table Bay in 1647 and gave the VOC good reports about the Cape?
The Haerlem
Who was the VOC
Wealthiest and most powerful trading company in the world at that time
Traded for spices and other goods from India
What is Colonisation?
When one country takes over another
Who colonised the Cape, Natal and eventually the whole of South Africa?
First Holland and then Britain
Who was the leader of the gardeners sent in 1652 to grow fruit and vegetables for the sailors?
Jan van Riebeeck
What did the early Dutch Settlers do on Robben Island?
Keep their sheep as well as
Rabbits
Why did the Dutch and the Khoi-khoi clash over land?
The Khoi-khoi did not see land as a private ownership but as communal, whereas the Eauropean settlers saw it as private
Where were the first 11 Freeburgher farms in 1658?
Rondebosch
What were the things Van Riebaack needed to get and build?
Timber from Hout Bay Big garden Fort Housing for workers and soldiers Watch towers Roads Jetty
Why did Van Riebeeck call for slaves?
The sailors and Khoi-khoi were not willing to work for the company
Where did the slaves come from?
From VOC trading posts in the East - they travelled in terrible conditions!
From slave trading ships from Britain, Portugal, France and Denmark
Name some places in the East where the slaves came from?
Mozambique Madagaskar Bengal Malabar Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Batavia (Jakarta)
What work did the slaves do for the VOC and the individual farmers?
Building (fort, houses, taverns) Jetty and roads Vegetables Servants to officials Cutting timber in forests Constructing governor's castle Work on farms and vineyards
Why did the slaves start to resist?
No freedom (owned) Everyday hardships Cruel punishments - The wheel - Burnt to death
Give examples of how the slaves resisted
Stole Set fires Work slowly Broke equipment Attack masters Rude to masters Ran away
When was the slave uprising on a Stellenbosch farm?
1690 (fours slaves)
What was the effect of the slave rebellion?
Owners feared mass rebellion
Owners feared getting killed
It caused tension in the Cape
How many slaves were set free by the British in 1834?
36274
How did Afrikaans develop?
From Dutch and mixed with words from Arabic, French, English, German, Portuguese, Malay, Nguni and Khoisan
How was Islam introduced in the Cape?
- Malay Muslim slaves (in secret at first)
- Sheik Yusuf (a great scholar and VOC political prisoner) from Makassar who brought 12 imams (spiritual teacher)
- First free Muslim slaved built a Mosque in 1794 in Dorp street Cape Town
Name four legacies of the slaves in the Cape
Afrikaans as language
Introduction of Islam to the Cape
Successful economy of the Cape
Food (yummy samoosas, bobotie, koeksisters, bredie etc)
Where were the 11 four hectare plots the Free Burghers were given to farm on?
East of Table Mountain on the Liesbeeck river (yep - more or Less where we do the Parkrun on Rondebosch Common!)
How did the VOC help the original farmers?
- No taxes for 12 years
- Farming implements
- Guns and ammunition
- They could use slaves
Why was the Free Burghers not really so free?
VOC controlled the prices on fruit and vegetables
They were forced to sell to the Company
What were the effect on the Khoi-khoi when more Dutch Settlers came to the Cape?
- Clashes and deaths
- Illnesses (diseases from Europe)
Which towns were developed by the Dutch Immigrants?
Stellenbosch Graaff-Reinet Swellendam Tulbagh Paarl
Who were the French Huguenots (jip practice that spelling)
French Calvinists (Protestants) who fled France when it was proclaimed that only Roman Catholics were allowed in France (by KIng Louis XIV in 1688)
Why did the Huguenots come to the Cape (asked by Simon van der Stel)?
200 expert wine makers were brought in to make better wine for the ships
They settled in Franschhoek region and were expert wine makers and also craftsmen
Who were the Trekboers?
Dutch, German and French Free Burghers
Wanted to get away from the strict VOC
Wanted more pastures for their live stock
During 17th and 18th centuries
In which directions did the Trekboers move inland?
North (toward Orange River)
East (towards the Fish River) - where they clashed with the Xhosas
Why could the VOC not stop the Trekboers?
Not enough officials
No roads to follow on
Describe some of the Trekboers’ way of living
Nomadic pastoralists Men forged new paths on horseback to search for water and grazing Stayed near rivers for 1-2 seasons Built mud huts with thatched roofs Floors of clay and cattle dung Furniture of wood and riempies Clothes and shoes from leather Soap from animal fat and bees wax Hunted for meat Grew crops and vegetables Traded in the Cape once a year (for ammunition coffee etc) -- check the whole list of things again! Big families and home-schooled Informal education (based on daily Bible readings)
What happened around land disposession in the 1600’s?
- Fights and raids between Trekboers, Khoi-khoi, San and Xhosa
- Khoi-khoi killed (Because of better Trekboer guns) and disposessed of their traditional grazing lands
- Forced to become labourers and servants
- Khoi-khoi forced to flee inland
- Many deaths because of smallpox and measles
- Traditional Khoi-khoi Economic, social and political order almost completely destroyd within 60 years
What was Genadendal?
- Place 100km East of Cape Town
- George Schmidt visited in 1783 and stayed 7 years
- Uplifted the Khoi-khoi
- Magdalena (Vehettge Tikhuie - a Khoi-khoi woman) helped him - she was baptised and was awesome as she continued helping her people for 47 years when Schmidt left!
- They build houses and he taught the Khoi-khoi to read the Bible and write in Dutch
- Schmidt had to be ordained to baptise people so he went back to Europe just to die and not come back
- It became an important community (second largest at the time and also self-sufficient)
- Helped restore the Khoi-khoi pride and helped some out of poverty
- Further developed by the Moravian missionaries
- Became an important educational centre (e.g. teacher training)
Who learned and preserved the San language and rock art?
William/ Wilhelm Bleek and Lucy Lloyd in 1870
* the click sounds were very difficult to represent in language!
Why were slaves transported by ship?
So that they could not escape (easier if you travel by land)
Name some Khoi-khoi clan names
Gamtoos
Chainoqua
Hessequa
Who were the Strandlopers?
Khoi-khoi who lived in caves on the beaches
Lived off fish and shellfish
VOC is Also referred to as DEIC
Dutch East Indian Company
Please take note as you might get one or the other in the exam
What make sailors get scurvy?
A lack of Vitamin C (i.e. fresh fruit and vegetables - and also preserves)
how many slaves were brought to the Cape between 1660 and 1834 (emancipation)?
63000
Please read through all the other extra materials in the Workbook - it is more or less the same but adds more detail here and there
Have you done it? Please do… it is actually quite interesting … :)
Which texts/ archive did Lucy Lloyd and Wilhelm Bleek produce?
The historical collection of Ixam and !kun (Khoisan languages) texts in the 19th Century. It consisted of 13000 documents
