Term 4 Flashcards

Minerals and mining in SA

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1
Q

List three important things we get from rocks

A

Coal
Gold
Diamond
Etc.

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2
Q

What does it mean if something is non-renewable?

A

It is something that we can only use once as it does not grow back

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3
Q

Explain how coal is formed

A

Coal is a rock made from the remains of plants that died millions of years ago.
. Trees die and fall into swamps
. Dead trees are buried under sand and soil.
. After millions of years the trees are squashed into coal.

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4
Q

List three uses for coal

A

. Make electricity
. Burn for heating
. Make petrol and other oils

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5
Q

What is fuel?

A

Something that we burn to give us energy

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6
Q
Which of the following do not contain coal:
. Soap
. Shampoo 
. Medicines
. Foods
. Clothes
A

Clothes

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7
Q

What are the two ways of mining?

A

. Open pit or surface mining

. Shaft or deep level mining

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8
Q

What are open pit mines

A

Mines that remove large areas of soil and rock from the surface

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9
Q

What is a shaft?

A

A hole that goes deep down into the ground

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10
Q

Is the Kimberly mine a open pit or shaft mine?

A

Open pit

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11
Q

What was the main mineral found in the Kimberly mine?

A

Diamond

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12
Q

How has mining changed the land?

A

Miners use machines that remove large areas of soil and vegetation.
Valuable farmland and forests may be made into open pit mines.

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13
Q

How has mining changed the land?

A

Miners use machines that remove large areas of soil and vegetation.
Valuable farmland and forests may be made into open pit mines.

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14
Q

Give an example of how open pit mines cause air pollution

A

Mining creates a lot of dust which gets into the air. People breathe dust into their lungs. This is bad for their health.

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15
Q

How can the mine cause water pollution?

A

Water mixes with chemicals that come out of the broken rocks. These chemicals make water become like acid. Acid mine water can get into rivers and underground water supplies.

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16
Q

What is waste material?

A

Things that people throw away and do not use

17
Q

What is waste disposal?

A

What people do with their waste

18
Q

Miners dig a lot of _____ out of the ground to get the __________ they need.

A

Rock

Minerals

19
Q

What do you call the large piles of rock made by mining companies?

A

Mine dumps

20
Q

What is wrong with mine dumps?

A

They contain poisons and chemicals which can get into the air, soil and water.

21
Q

Why do you think mines produce a lot of waste?

A

Something similar to: mining companies only use a small amount of the material they mine

22
Q

The rubble stops new plants from growing. True or False?

A

False. The chemicals stop new plants from growing.

23
Q

The material that Miners throw away is called mine ______.

A

Waste

24
Q

Miners make large piles of waste called _________.

A

Mine dumps

25
Q

Waste from mines contains strong _________ that can ________ the environment.

A

Chemicals

Damage

26
Q

Explain how laws can control the damage to the environment

A

Something similar to: They can make the mining companies rework the mines to get more minerals out of the waste. They can make the mining companies refill the holes and replant the vegetation.

27
Q

Some mine shafts are nearly ____ __________ deep.

A

Four kilometers

28
Q

Temperatures at the bottom of a deep mine reach ____.

A

50°C

29
Q

The weight of the rocks causes ____ _____.

A

Rock falls

30
Q

List all the safety equipment a miner must wear to keep safe

A

All Miners must wear a helmet, boots, work gloves, overalls and a mask

31
Q

Why do you think that Miners must not take matches or lighters into the mine?

A

Something similar to: It could cause an explosion (the gasses from the rocks are highly flammable)

32
Q

Name two reasons mines need ventilation

A

To breathe

So that they can use explosives to break up the rock (like fires, explosives need oxygen)

33
Q

One of the diseases that attack miners’ lungs is ___________.

A

Silicosis

34
Q

Recap:

Miners can protect their lungs by wearing ______.

A

Masks

35
Q

Recap:

How do Miners protect themselves from rock falls?

A

They wear helmets

36
Q

Recap:

How do Miners protect themselves from rock falls?

A

They wear helmets