Term 3 Final Flashcards
1 What is a compound
2 how are they formed
1 made up of more than one element
2 chemical bonds, ionic, hydrogen, and covalent bonds; can have single, double, or triple bonds based on the valence electrons
What is a covalent bond?
Covalent bonds; when the valence electrons are shared
What is a hydrogen bond?
Hydrogen bonds: the attraction between water molecules, the bond is between one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom from different elements
what is an ionic bond?
ionic bonds: when elements give or lose an electron so both elements are neutral
what’s the difference between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule?
polar: slight charge to the molecule; nonpolar: no charge
what is a polymer?
a string of monomers
what are the properties of water
- Hydrogen bonds make liquid water cohesive. 2. Hydrogen bonds make liquid water adhesive and allow for capillary action. 3. Water’s hydrogen bonds moderate temperature. 4. Water is the solvent of life
What are the monomers of the macromolecules
1 Carbohydrates
2 Lipids
3 Proteins
4 Nucleic Acids
1 Monosaccharide (things that end in -OSE)
2 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acid Chains
3 Amino Acids
4 Nucleotides
What is a carbohydrate and what is made out of/what it does
short-term energy storage
chemical formula of C(H2O)n
monosaccharides → disaccharides and polysaccharides
polysaccharides: starch vs. glycogen vs. cellulose
What is a lipid and what is made out of/what it does
long-term energy storage (and more concentrated energy)
Have unsaturated or saturated fats
C, H, O
glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglycerides
What is a protein and what is made out of/what it does
animal structures and enzymes
C, H, O, N
amino acids → proteins
shapes of proteins: Primary → Quaternary Structure
Primary: stingle line
secondary structure: coil or zig zag (beta sheet)
Tertiary: folds in on itself
Quaternary: more than one in a bundle
What is an enzyme
it is a catalyst that speeds up a reaction, which uses less activation energy
what is the path of food?
Mouth → Pharynx → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine –> Rectum → Anus
what is the difference between Mechanical and Chemical digestion?
mechanical digestion
Mouth with chewing.
Stomach continues break down with churning to form chyme.
Fat – in the small intestine (bile)
chemical digestion
Carbohydrates – starts in mouth, continues in stomach, finished in small intestine (amylase)
Protein – starts in stomach and finished in small intestine (protease like pepsin, trypsin)
Fat – in the small intestine (lipase)
