Term 3 Flashcards
List 8 different forms of energy
Light
Thermal
Nuclear
Electrical
Kinetic
Sound
Chemical
Potential
What is light energy?
The energy that makes things visible
What is kinetic energy?
Energy that makes things move
What is thermal energy?
Energy that comes from heat
What is sound energy?
Energy formed by the vibrations of sound waves
What is nuclear energy?
The energy released during a nuclear reaction (when an atom is spilt or fused)
What is chemical energy?
Energy released during a chemical reaction
What is electrical energy?
Energy in the form of electricity; comes from electrons
What is potential energy?
Energy stored in an object
What is input energy?
The energy which we need to put in to start a fuel burning.
A source of stored energy.
What is output energy?
The energy (such as heat and light) that is produced when a fuel burns.
List some (11) fire safety rules.
- Fire in a house should be in a fire place
- cigarette butts should always be put in a cigarette tray
- don’t make fires near long grass/anything flammable or on a windy day
- don’t put flammable objects near an open flame
- don’t leave gas burner/any flame on unattended
- never play with fire or matches
- keep matches and lighters safely and away from young children
- never pour any fuel into a fire
- place fire guards in front of fire places
- do not use damaged electrical appliances
- always extinguish any outdoor fire
What action should you take if you are in a building that in on fire?
- stay low to the ground to avoid inhaling smoke
- crawl away from the fire
- go to the nearest safe exit
- call the fire department (10177 / or 122)
What is a battery for a portable device called?
A dry cell
How does dry cell work?
Chemicals inside it are converted to electrical energy
Describe a battery.
It’s a usually a collection of cells connected end to end, but it can be just one cell.
The cells are inside an outer case and connected by a conductor (often a carbon rod).
It has a positive and negative end.
How many cells does a car battery have?
6 large cells
What is an electrical circuit?
A complete path around which electricity can flow.
It needs a source of energy (could be a battery, generator, mains power)
What is the symbol a battery in a circuit diagram?
Long line and short line
What is the symbol for a light bulb in a circuit diagram?
Circle with a cross in the middle
How is electrical energy that is flowing measured?
In amperes (amp)
What is electrical energy that is flowing called?
Electrical current
What is electrical energy stored in a battery called?
Potential energy
How is electrical energy stored in a battery measured?
Volts
What are two good conductors of electricity?
Carbon
Copper
How does a switch work?
It connects and disconnects two wires from each other which either completes or breaks the circuit, which determines if electricity flows or not.
List electrical safety safe
- Do not use broken plugs or damaged cord
- In a thunder storm:
- Don’t stand under a tree
- turn off and disconnect electrical appliances - power lines and electric fences
- don’t touch
- don’t fly kites near
- can be underground therefore If you find a wire underground, don’t touch - Don’t use electrical appliances outside when raining.
- Keep appliances away from water.
- Never tamper with electrical appliances which are plugged into the wall
- Don’t plug too many cords into one outlet
- Never put other objects besides the plug into the plug socket
- Only use dry hands to plug/unplug/ use electrical appliances
- Do not pull a cord to unplug an appliance
- Wear (closed) shoes (preferably rubber soles) when using electrical appliances
- If someone is being shocked: don’t pull them away (you will also be shocked). First turn off the power source
Give 3 examples of fossil fuels
Coal
Natural gas
Petroleum
Why are fossil fuels called fossil fuels?
Just like fossils, they are the remains of organisms (plants, animals, living things) from millions of years ago buried deep in the earth.
Converted into fuel by heat and pressure over a long time.
List 6 well-known fuels
Coal
Wood
Petrol
Paraffin
Wax
Gas
Discuss coal as a fuel.
- fossil fuel
- Obtained by mining
- burn it to generate heat for
1. cooking
2. Warm houses
3. Generate electricity
Discuss wood as a fuel.
- obtained by cutting down trees
- burnt to keep houses warm
- cheap
- contributes to pollution & global warming
Discuss petrol as a fuel.
- comes from refining crude oil , which is a fossil fuel
- used to run cars and trucks
Discuss paraffin as a fuel.
- Burned in lamps and stoves
- Provides heat and light
- Comes from processing crude oil (a fossil fuel)
Discus gas as a fuel
- Burned to provide light and heat (for cooking and warming homes).
- Comes processing crude oil
- pressurized into a liquid and stored in tanks/cylinders
Discuss candle wax.
- Most candles are made from paraffin wax but can also be made from
Bees wax, Gel or plants. - wax is burned to provide heat and light
- candle first invented by ancient Egyptians
What does a flame need to burn?
Oxygen
Heat
And a fuel
Where does mains electricity come from from?
Power stations
Describe the flow of electricity from the power station to you home
- Power station generates electricity at very high voltage.
- Step up transformer increases the voltage
- Thick wires (cables) take the electricity over a long distance; pylons (tall metal structures) support them
- At substation: Step down transformer lowers the voltage so it can used in your home
- Smaller amounts of electricity are transferred through distribution lines to electricity boxes
- Electricity boxes are connected to plug points in our homes /other buildings
