Term 2 Unit Test Flashcards
6 factors of sequential summation of force
- The stronger and larger muscles of the thighs and trunk are moved first followed by the smaller and faster muscles.
- Sequentially accelerate each body part so that optimum momentum passes from one body part to the next.
- Each body part should be stable so that the next body part accelerates around a stable base to transfer momentum.
- Use as many body parts as possible, so force can be applied over the maximum possible time.
- Follow through is important to prevent deceleration of last segment and safe dissipation of force.
- Ensure all forces are directed towards the target.
Curvilinear motion
Linear motion that moves in a curved trajectory
Eg. Throwing a netball in a hoop
Newton’s 2nd Law of motion
Acceleration
The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
- The greater a force applied to an object, the faster the acceleration
- if the same force is applied to 2 objects with differing mass, the object with less mass will accelerate faster.
Acceleration
The greater the mass, the harder it is to accelerate
The harder the force applied, the faster an object will accelerate
What type of force summation is usually to produce accuracy, although sometimes power
Simultaneous summation of force
Momentum
The measure of the amount of motion possessed by a moving body
Mass x velocity
Momentum is how fast something is travelling multiplied by how heavy something is
(Acceleration but at one speed)
Progressive overload
Gradual increase in training load to ensure that fitness continues to be optimised
Simultaneous summation
All body parts move at the same time to produce a force
Generally to produce accuracy, however some require this method for power
Newton’s 1st law
Inertia
A body continues in its state of rest/motion until it is acted upon by a force
The greater an objects inertia, the greater the force required to initiate its movement or change its state of motion.
Rectilinear motion
Linear movement over a straight line
Intensity
How intense a training is
Newton’s 3rd Law of momentum
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Forces must exist in pairs
What’s the conservation of momentum?
When collisions occur, an equal and opposite force occurs resulting in a transfer of momentum from one object to the other.
The total momentum of two objects before and after impact are equal. The momentum of one object is transferred to the other on contact, resulting in a transfer of momentum
Health related skill components
Cardio respiratory endurance Muscular endurance Muscular strength Body composition Flexibility
Cardio muscles must be flexible
General motion
Combination of linear and angular motion
Skill related components
Power Balance Speed Reaction time Agility Balance
Poor boys steal angels and collards
Training principles
Spif dr
Specificity Progressive overload Intensity Frequency Duration Reversibility
Specificity
Training what you play
Don’t train your arms if you play soccer
Training types
Resistance Interval Continuous Circuit Fartlek Flexibility Plyometric
Sequential summation of force
A sequential combination of forces produced by different parts of the body.
Order of segments is a progression from biggest/ strongest to to smallest/ finest
Used to create the largest force/ acceleration possible
The amount of resistance to a change in an objects state of motion.
Eg. Shot put needs a larger force to change its state of motion due to its large mass
Vs
A golf ball needs a small force to overcome inertia due to small mass
Newton’s 1st law of inertia
Example of Newton’s 3rd law
A standing start has downwards force production, creating an upwards movement. A crouch start maximises force in the opposite direction in which you want to move, therefore having a sideways force production, allowing you to have more force in the direction you would like to go.
What type of force summation is used when you want to create the largest force/acceleration possible
Sequential summation of force
Impulse
- The change in momentum by using force and time
- The application of force over a period of time to change the momentum of an object
I = ft
You can accelerate a body using the impulse formula in 2 ways :
- Greater force over the same amount of time
- same force, greater amount of time
Frequency
The number of times training occurs in a given period
Angular motion
Rotary movement about an axis
All body parts do not move the same amount
Eg. A gymnast performing a circle on a bar
Formula for speed
Distance/time
Velocity formula
Disp./time
Acceleration formula
Final v - initial v / time
Force/mass
Force formula
F=ma
Momentum formula
P=mv
Impulse formula
I=ft
What is internal force
When a force is produced within the body to produce a movement
What is external force
- Result from the interaction between the body and its environment
- gravity, magnets ( non - contact force)
- air resistance, friction, water resistance, ground reaction forces ( contact forces)
Health related components of fitness
Cardiac muscles must be flexible
- cardiorespiratory endurance
- muscular endurance
- muscular strength
- body composition
- flexibility
Skill related components of fitness
Poor boys steal cabbage and raddish
- power
- balance
- speed
- coordination
- agility
- reaction time
What is resistance training
When you build muscular strength power and endurance by exercising muscle groups against a resistance.
What is interval training
A series of repeated bouts of exercise and interrupted by predetermined rest periods or lighter exercise
What is continuous training
Performing an activity non-stop for a period of time
What is circuit training
Sequence performance of exercises at different activity stations. Completed in a given time or by predetermined work:rest ratio
What is Fartlek training
A variation of continuous training, involves changes of intensity throughout the training sessions
What is flexibility training
Stretching
What is plyometric training
Fast, powerful movements, to improve functions of the nervous system
What’s the difference between speed and velocity
Speed refers to distance where as velocity refers to displacement
Why is acceleration used
Acceleration is used to measure the increase in speed or velocity over a period of time
What components of fitness does resistance training target
Muscular strength, power, muscular endurance, speed, power, agility
What components of fitness does interval training target
Speed, muscular endurance
What components of fitness does continuous training target
Cardio respiratory endurance, muscular endurance
What components of fitness does circuit training target
Speed, power, muscular endurance, balance and agility, strength
What components of fitness does Fartlek training target
Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance,
What components of fitness does flexibility training target
Balance, dynamic and static flexibility, speed, strength, power
What components of fitness does plyometrics training target
Speed, power, strength
What is the hierarchy of training principles
Specificity
progressive overload
intensity frequency duration
reversibility
How is the musculoskeletal system used in the production of movement
When a muscle contracts, tendons connecting muscle to bone act on the bone, causing movement. Movement occurs at a joint
