Term 1 unit test

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Decreasing joint angle

Question 2

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 2

A position where the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms supinated, facing forwards.

Question 4

Describe a short bone and it’s functions

Answer 4

• short in length
• used for dexterity (fine motor skills)
• small movements

Eg. Tarsals & phalanges

Question 5

Abduction

Answer 5

Away from midline of the body

Question 6

Describe a long bone and it’s functions

Answer 6

• longer than wide
• used for structure, strength, creating movement and velocity

Eg. femur & humerus

Question 7

Pronation

Answer 7

Palms facing down

Question 8

Dorsiflexion

Answer 8

toes up towards tibia

Question 9

Rotation

Answer 9

Movement of bone around a central axis

Question 10

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 10

• Circulates blood to the body
• Transports oxygen, water and nutrients to cells in blood.
• transports carbon dioxide and waste out of cells
• maintains body temp
• white blood cells fight infection

Question 11

Plantar flexion

Answer 11

Pointing toes away from tibia

Question 12

Adduction

Answer 12

Towards the midline of the body

Question 13

What is a cartilaginous joint

Answer 13

One allowing slight movement for articulation

Eg. Sternum, vertebrae

Question 14

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 14

A joint which is freely moveable

Eg. Knee, elbow

Question 15

What are the 5 types of synovial joint and what are they used for? Give an example of each

Answer 15

Gliding - linear movement - carpals

Hinge- allow for only flexion & extension - knee

Condyloid- flexion, extension, circumduction, abduction, adduction - between metacarpals & phalanges

Saddle - abduction, adduction - base of the thumb

Ball & socket - circumduction, adduction, abduction - hip & shoulder

Question 16

What’s an eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 16

When the muscle lengthens as the resistance becomes greater than the force the muscle is producing.

Eg. Downward motion of squats

Question 17

What’s a concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 17

When the muscle tension rises to meet the resistance then remains stable as the muscle shortens.

Eg. Lifting a weight

Question 18

What’s an isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 18

The muscle activates but there is no movement at a joint. No lengthening or shortening.

Eg. Carrying something

Question 19

What does the left atrium do

Answer 19

Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 20

What is a septum

Answer 20

A muscular wall that separates the chambers of the heart

Question 21

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

Answer 21

Eccentric
Concentric
Isometric

Question 22

Supination

Answer 22

Palms facing upwards

Question 24

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 24

Structure, protection, movement, storage of fats and minerals, production of blood cells

Question 25

What does the aorta do?

Answer 25

Transports oxygenated blood from the heart ( left ventricle) to parts of the body

Question 26

During flexion of the hip, which muscle is the prime mover and which is the antagonist?

Answer 26

Prime mover - quadriceps

Antagonist- hamstrings

Question 28

Circumduction

Answer 28

rotate arm in circle from shoulder

Question 28

Explain the functions and characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 28

- movement\stability, protects organs, moves to help breathe, produces heat from burning energy - elastic in nature, capable of contracting (contractile), voluntary, excitable

Question 29

What are the 14 different muscles

Answer 29

Biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius, trapezius, deltoid, quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, adductor group, latissimus dorsi, soleus, abdominals, gluteus maximums, pectorials.

Question 30

What are the 3 types of muscle

Answer 30

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 31

During plantar flexion, which muscle is the prime mover and which is the antagonist?

Answer 31

Prime mover- gastrocnemius | Antagonist- tibialis anterior

Question 33

Cardiac muscle

Answer 33

Pumps blood, involuntary, in the heart

Question 34

What does the left ventricle do?

Answer 34

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 35

What is a type 1 muscle fibre

Answer 35

- slow twitch (endurance) - red - slow contraction time - high resistance to fatigue - used for aerobic activity - low force production

Question 36

Why are slow twitch muscle fibres red?

Answer 36

Because they have a large blood supply, transporting oxygen to the muscles for energy. This helps the muscle have a higher fatigue resistance.

Question 37

Extension

Answer 37

Increase joint angle

Question 39

What are the functions of the heart?

Answer 39

A muscle that pumps blood to the body and lungs Receives its own supply of blood via the cardiac blood vessels

Question 40

Can you change what muscle fibres you’ve got?

Answer 40

No. They’re genetic.

Question 41

What does the right atrium do?

Answer 41

Receive deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 42

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 42

Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs

Question 43

Explain the functions of smooth muscle

Answer 43

Manipulates food, lining of stomach, oesophagus, can be found in heart, etc.

Question 43

Why are fast twitch muscle fibres white?

Answer 43

Because they don’t get their energy from oxygen, therefore having a smaller blood supply and a low fatigue resistance.

Question 43

What does the right ventricle do?

Answer 43

Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 44

What does the pulmonary veins do?

Answer 44

Takes oxygenated blood to the heart (left atrium) from the lungs

Question 45

What does the vena cava do?

Answer 45

Takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart (right atrium)

Question 46

What is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 46

Explains the process of muscles working in pairs - antagonist pairs.

Question 46

What is a type 2 muscle fibre

Answer 46

- fast twitch - type a & b - white - fast & very fast contraction time - medium & low resistance to fatigue - used for anaerobic activity - high force production

Question 47

What are the 15 different types of bones

Answer 47

Humerus, metacarpals, carpals, phalanges, ulna, radius, ribs, sternum, pelvis, femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals,

Question 47

What is a Fiberous joint

Answer 47

One with no movement Eg. Skull

Question 48

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 48

Elastic in nature, contractile, voulentary,

Question 49

Why are type one muscle fibres red

Answer 49

Contain lots of blood vessels. Muscle fibres rely on blood for oxygen supply. Use for aerobic activity. Therefore use oxygen for energy. Abundance of oxygen

Question 50

Why are type 2 muscle fibres white

Answer 50

Don’t contain as many blood vessels. Use for anaerobic activity. Don’t need oxygen to produce energy.

Question 51

Who would have more Type II muscle fibres. A weightlifter or a long distance runner

Answer 51

Weightlifter

Question 52

Who would have more type one muscle fibres. A professional walker or a sprinter

Answer 52

Walker

Question 53

How can a skeletal muscle instantly generate more force?

Answer 53

1) send more signals ( signals more rapid) 2) recruit more muscles Excitability

Question 54

In the movement flexion of the hip, which muscles are the prime mover and the antagonist?

Answer 54

Pm - quadriceps | Antagonist- hamstrings

Question 55

In the movement planter flexion, which muscles are the prime mover and the antagonist?

Answer 55

Pm - gastrocnemius | Antagonist - tibialis anterior

Question 56

Long bone function

Answer 56

Used for structure, strength, movement, velocity, makes blood cells

Question 57

Short bone function

Answer 57

Dexterity - fine motor skills | Small movements

Question 58

Flat bone functions

Answer 58

Attach lots of muscles, protection of vital organs,

Question 59

Irregular bone functions

Answer 59

Protection, articulation - flexibility/movement

Question 60

What’s the pulmonary circuit

Answer 60

Carries blood from the heat to the lungs and back again

Question 61

What is the systemic circuit

Answer 61

Carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body ( not lungs) and back again

Question 62

What is the order of body parts that oxygen flows through into the respiratory system

Answer 62

Nasal cavity & mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli