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Year 11 phys Ed studies > Term 1 unit test > Flashcards

Term 1 unit test Flashcards

1
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing joint angle

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2
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

A position where the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms supinated, facing forwards.

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4
Q

Describe a short bone and it’s functions

A
  • short in length
  • used for dexterity (fine motor skills)
  • small movements

Eg. Tarsals & phalanges

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5
Q

Abduction

A

Away from midline of the body

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6
Q

Describe a long bone and it’s functions

A
  • longer than wide
  • used for structure, strength, creating movement and velocity

Eg. femur & humerus

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7
Q

Pronation

A

Palms facing down

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8
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

toes up towards tibia

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9
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of bone around a central axis

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10
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A
  • Circulates blood to the body
  • Transports oxygen, water and nutrients to cells in blood.
  • transports carbon dioxide and waste out of cells
  • maintains body temp
  • white blood cells fight infection
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11
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing toes away from tibia

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12
Q

Adduction

A

Towards the midline of the body

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13
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint

A

One allowing slight movement for articulation

Eg. Sternum, vertebrae

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14
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

A joint which is freely moveable

Eg. Knee, elbow

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15
Q

What are the 5 types of synovial joint and what are they used for? Give an example of each

A

Gliding - linear movement - carpals

Hinge- allow for only flexion & extension - knee

Condyloid- flexion, extension, circumduction, abduction, adduction - between metacarpals & phalanges

Saddle - abduction, adduction - base of the thumb

Ball & socket - circumduction, adduction, abduction - hip & shoulder

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16
Q

What’s an eccentric muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle lengthens as the resistance becomes greater than the force the muscle is producing.

Eg. Downward motion of squats

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17
Q

What’s a concentric muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle tension rises to meet the resistance then remains stable as the muscle shortens.

Eg. Lifting a weight

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18
Q

What’s an isometric muscle contraction?

A

The muscle activates but there is no movement at a joint. No lengthening or shortening.

Eg. Carrying something

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19
Q

What does the left atrium do

A

Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs

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20
Q

What is a septum

A

A muscular wall that separates the chambers of the heart

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

A

Eccentric
Concentric
Isometric

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22
Q

Supination

A

Palms facing upwards

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24
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

A

Structure, protection, movement, storage of fats and minerals, production of blood cells

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25
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the heart ( left ventricle) to parts of the body

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26
Q

During flexion of the hip, which muscle is the prime mover and which is the antagonist?

A

Prime mover - quadriceps

Antagonist- hamstrings

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28
Q

Circumduction

A

rotate arm in circle from shoulder

28
Q

Explain the functions and characteristics of skeletal muscle

A
  • movement\stability, protects organs, moves to help breathe, produces heat from burning energy
  • elastic in nature, capable of contracting (contractile), voluntary, excitable
29
Q

What are the 14 different muscles

A

Biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius, trapezius, deltoid, quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, adductor group, latissimus dorsi, soleus, abdominals, gluteus maximums, pectorials.

30
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

31
Q

During plantar flexion, which muscle is the prime mover and which is the antagonist?

A

Prime mover- gastrocnemius

Antagonist- tibialis anterior

33
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Pumps blood, involuntary, in the heart

34
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

35
Q

What is a type 1 muscle fibre

A
  • slow twitch (endurance)
  • red
  • slow contraction time
  • high resistance to fatigue
  • used for aerobic activity
  • low force production
36
Q

Why are slow twitch muscle fibres red?

A

Because they have a large blood supply, transporting oxygen to the muscles for energy. This helps the muscle have a higher fatigue resistance.

37
Q

Extension

A

Increase joint angle

39
Q

What are the functions of the heart?

A

A muscle that pumps blood to the body and lungs

Receives its own supply of blood via the cardiac blood vessels

40
Q

Can you change what muscle fibres you’ve got?

A

No. They’re genetic.

41
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

Receive deoxygenated blood from the body

42
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs

43
Q

Explain the functions of smooth muscle

A

Manipulates food, lining of stomach, oesophagus, can be found in heart, etc.

43
Q

Why are fast twitch muscle fibres white?

A

Because they don’t get their energy from oxygen, therefore having a smaller blood supply and a low fatigue resistance.

43
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs

44
Q

What does the pulmonary veins do?

A

Takes oxygenated blood to the heart (left atrium) from the lungs

45
Q

What does the vena cava do?

A

Takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart (right atrium)

46
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition?

A

Explains the process of muscles working in pairs - antagonist pairs.

46
Q

What is a type 2 muscle fibre

A
  • fast twitch
  • type a & b
  • white
  • fast & very fast contraction time
  • medium & low resistance to fatigue
  • used for anaerobic activity
  • high force production
47
Q

What are the 15 different types of bones

A

Humerus, metacarpals, carpals, phalanges, ulna, radius, ribs, sternum, pelvis, femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals,

47
Q

What is a Fiberous joint

A

One with no movement

Eg. Skull

48
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

Elastic in nature, contractile, voulentary,

49
Q

Why are type one muscle fibres red

A

Contain lots of blood vessels. Muscle fibres rely on blood for oxygen supply. Use for aerobic activity. Therefore use oxygen for energy. Abundance of oxygen

50
Q

Why are type 2 muscle fibres white

A

Don’t contain as many blood vessels. Use for anaerobic activity. Don’t need oxygen to produce energy.

51
Q

Who would have more Type II muscle fibres. A weightlifter or a long distance runner

A

Weightlifter

52
Q

Who would have more type one muscle fibres. A professional walker or a sprinter

A

Walker

53
Q

How can a skeletal muscle instantly generate more force?

A

1) send more signals ( signals more
rapid)
2) recruit more muscles

Excitability

54
Q

In the movement flexion of the hip, which muscles are the prime mover and the antagonist?

A

Pm - quadriceps

Antagonist- hamstrings

55
Q

In the movement planter flexion, which muscles are the prime mover and the antagonist?

A

Pm - gastrocnemius

Antagonist - tibialis anterior

56
Q

Long bone function

A

Used for structure, strength, movement, velocity, makes blood cells

57
Q

Short bone function

A

Dexterity - fine motor skills

Small movements

58
Q

Flat bone functions

A

Attach lots of muscles, protection of vital organs,

59
Q

Irregular bone functions

A

Protection, articulation - flexibility/movement

60
Q

What’s the pulmonary circuit

A

Carries blood from the heat to the lungs and back again

61
Q

What is the systemic circuit

A

Carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body ( not lungs) and back again

62
Q

What is the order of body parts that oxygen flows through into the respiratory system

A

Nasal cavity & mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Year 11 phys Ed studies (4 decks)

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