Term 2 - The Illiad

Question 1

What kind of story is the Iliad?

Answer 1

epic poem (24 books)

Question 2

What part of the Trojan War does it cover?

Answer 2

short time during the final year of the 10 year war

Question 3

What is the Iliad about?

Answer 3

• Crisis of Achilles’ wrath, withdrawal, and return

- Tragedy of Hector

Question 4

Where else is this story pattern (wrath, withdrawal, return) seen? What’s the difference when this happens with the divine?

Answer 4

• Demeter
• Homeric Hymn to Apollo where Hera withdraws
• Hephaestus when Hera offends him and he goes under the sea

with divine, nothing bad happens to anyone

Question 5

What is the difference between the Greeks and Trojans in terms of what they’re fighting for?

Answer 5

• Greeks = offense, fighting for their honour
• Trojans = defense, fighting for their homes/wives/households, their entire world is at stake (why Hector feels responsible to fight)

Question 6

How does the Iliad end?

Answer 6

with the funeral of Hector after being delayed so long

Question 7

What is the Iliad a narrative of?

Answer 7

Narrative of DISRUPTION AND RESTORATION OF RITUAL

Question 8

What are rituals seen in the Iliad?

What does the disruption of these rituals mean

Answer 8

• supplication (i.e. warriors supplicating victor to give the killed a proper burial - Khryses, Priam)
• funeral ritual (Patroclus, Hector)
• Hector’s burial gets delayed = sign of crisis and disorder (both in the world of men and their relations to gods)

Question 9

What are the 2 forms of reciprocity seen in the Iliad?

Answer 9

• violent (war, abduction)

- peaceful (distribution of spoils, granting prizes, ransom)

Question 10

How was the Iliad presented?

Answer 10

• by an oral epic bard

- single singer + his lyre

Question 11

Who was Calchas?

Answer 11

prophet for Greek army (sacred to Apollo)

Question 12

Who was Ajax?

Answer 12

strong defensive Greek warrior

Question 13

Nestor

Answer 13

elderly Greek warrior, his function is to recall a heroic past

Question 14

Diomedes

Answer 14

Greek warrior

Question 15

Patroclus

Answer 15

• Achille’s bff/companion

Question 16

Phoenix

Answer 16

older member of Achille’s household –> like a father figure

Question 17

Hector

Answer 17

Trojan prince, leader, warrior, Paris’ brother

Question 18

Helen

Answer 18

• daughter of Zeus
• from Sparta
• married to Menelaus, taken by Troy

Question 19

Chryseis

Answer 19

• daughter of Kryses

- taken by Greek in a raid on island of Khryse

Question 20

Who was Kryses?

Answer 20

• priest of Apollo

Question 21

Briseis

Answer 21

war captive belonging to Achilles

Question 22

Hecuba

Answer 22

Trojan queen, married to Priam (mom of Paris and Hector)

Question 23

Andromache

Answer 23

married to hector

Question 24

Thetis

Answer 24

divine mother of Achilles

Question 25

What are other names for the Greeks?

Answer 25

Achaeans
Danaans
Argives

Question 26

What are other names for the Trojans?

Answer 26

Daranians
Ilium
Pergamum

Question 27

What are the 6 themes/concepts involves with the Iliad?

Answer 27

- KLEOS
(after death)
- TIMÉ
(what a hero gets while he's alive)
- FATE
- NOSTOS
- RECIPROCITY
(positive or negative)
- SUPPLICATION

Question 28

Gods on the side of the Greeks

Answer 28

Hera

Aphrodite

Question 29

Gods on the side of the Trojans

Answer 29

Aphrodite
Apollo
Ares (after Apollo gets him to fight for Trojans after Diomedes)

Question 30

Who says this: “A man may come by cattle and sheep in raids; tripods he buys, and tawny-headed horses; but his life’s breath cannot be hunted back or be recaptured once it passes his lips”?

Answer 30

Achilles

Question 31

Who are Trojan allies that Achilles also kills?

Answer 31

• Mnemnon (Ethiopian, son of Dawn goddess)

- Penethesilea (Amazon queen)

Question 32

What are the 3 conditions for the Fall of Troy?

Answer 32

1. Achilles’ son Neoptolemus must come fight against Trojans
2. Bow of Heracles (from Philoktetes) must be at Troy
3. Capture the status of Pallas Athena in Troy (symbolic of winning her over)