Term 2 Ch 7, 8

Question 1

Educational appeal

Answer 1

Provide general info vs tailored content

Question 2

Message framing; gain framing

Answer 2

Focus on desireable consequences and avoid neg ones

Best for prevention/recovery eg. condoms/physical therapy

Question 3

Message framing: Loss framing

Answer 3

Best for rare outcomes and detecting a health problem early

Question 4

Fear appeal

Answer 4

• transient effects
• emphasize consquences
• personal testimonials
• specific instructions
• boost self- efficacy before urging change
• hypervigilant state= paralyzing (high threat, low hope, low time)

Question 5

Motivational interviewing

Answer 5

1 on 1 to resolve ambivalence to change

Question 6

Motivational interviewing: 2 key features

Answer 6

1. List Pros/Cons of changing behaviour
2. Personalized feedback

Question 7

BASICS

Answer 7

Brief Alcohol Screeening and Intervention for College Students

Harm reduction approach, NOT abstinence

Helps students make better alcohol use decisions

2 Brief interviews: 1. Assess problem behaviours + obtain commitment to monitor alcohol intake btwm interviews

2. Provide personalized feedback, advice on how to drink safely

Question 8

CBT: behavioural vs cognitive methodsw

Answer 8

1. Behavioural: help people manage antecedants and consequences of a behaviour
   - self observation, self monitoring to increase awareness and control of negative thoughts/harmful behaviours
2. Cognitive: change thought processes

• regulate attitudes, beliefs, emotions through personal coping strategies

-self-management/self-soothing as a goal

Question 9

CBT applied to alcohol abuse

Answer 9

1. identify unhelpful/unrealistic thoughts
2. ID triggers to drinking
3. engage in more helpful thoughts

Question 10

Lapse vs. Relapse

Answer 10

Lapse- one off backslide. Does NOT indicate failure

Relapse- falling back into one’s original pattern of undesireable behaviour

Question 11

Abstinence-violation effect

Answer 11

one lapse can destroy one’s confidence in remaining abstinent –> cause full relapse

Question 12

Social engineering

Answer 12

Force change through environment

eg. seatbelt laws, vaccine mandate, smoking prohibition

Question 13

Harm reduction approach

Answer 13

1. Decriminalization
2. Reduce negative consequences of substance use +Reduce stigma associated with addiction

Question 14

Harm reduction approach example

Answer 14

Vancouver’s downtown eastside (1997): Public health emergency:
Spike in overdose
Spike in HIV/Hep C

(2003) Insite supervised drug consumption site
- decreased public injections/syringe sharing
- decreased ODs
- Decreased HIV
- INCREASED detox services/addiction treatments

Question 15

Addiction

Answer 15

Physical dependence: body needs substance for normal functioning

Psychological dependence: Compulltion to use without necessarily being physically dependent

Question 16

sick role behaviour

Answer 16

loss of locus of control; take a backseat role in treatment

Question 17

Problem drinking

Answer 17

Tolerance: diminished effect over time; need greater amounts for same effect

Withdrawal: sever symptoms when stop using

Question 18

Alcohol use disorder: best intervention

Answer 18

Motivational interviewing

Question 19

Alcohol use disorder: relapse rate is ___. What are high risk situations?

Answer 19

high

1. Intrapersonal situations:

Negative emotional states
Positive emotional states (celebrations)
Exposure to cues
Non-specific cravings

2. Interpersonal situations: Interpersonal conflict

Question 20

Key interventions: Alcohol use disorder, abstinence vs moderation

Answer 20

decreased control w/ future drinks

CBT: awareness of triggers –> plan of action

Substantial role of environmental conditioning/parental modelling

Question 21

Obesity epidemic: systems approach

Answer 21

Interaction of genes and environment and behaviour. But less genetic (only 25-30%)

• lifestyle sedintary
• packaged food

Question 22

Obesity epidemic: stigma

Question 23

Health halo

Answer 23

tendency to judge an entire food as healthier based on one or more narrow attributes that is perceived as healthy

Question 24

Obesity/weight control: diet/nutriition

Question 25

Obesity/weight control: Exercise

Question 26

Sedentary behaviour

Question 27

Status-Helth link and health behaviours