Term 2 Ch 7, 8 Flashcards
Educational appeal
Provide general info vs tailored content
Message framing; gain framing
Focus on desireable consequences and avoid neg ones
Best for prevention/recovery eg. condoms/physical therapy
Message framing: Loss framing
Best for rare outcomes and detecting a health problem early
Fear appeal
- transient effects
- emphasize consquences
- personal testimonials
- specific instructions
- boost self- efficacy before urging change
- hypervigilant state= paralyzing (high threat, low hope, low time)
Motivational interviewing
1 on 1 to resolve ambivalence to change
Motivational interviewing: 2 key features
- List Pros/Cons of changing behaviour
- Personalized feedback
BASICS
Brief Alcohol Screeening and Intervention for College Students
Harm reduction approach, NOT abstinence
Helps students make better alcohol use decisions
2 Brief interviews: 1. Assess problem behaviours + obtain commitment to monitor alcohol intake btwm interviews
- Provide personalized feedback, advice on how to drink safely
CBT: behavioural vs cognitive methodsw
- Behavioural: help people manage antecedants and consequences of a behaviour
- self observation, self monitoring to increase awareness and control of negative thoughts/harmful behaviours - Cognitive: change thought processes
- regulate attitudes, beliefs, emotions through personal coping strategies
-self-management/self-soothing as a goal
CBT applied to alcohol abuse
- identify unhelpful/unrealistic thoughts
- ID triggers to drinking
- engage in more helpful thoughts
Lapse vs. Relapse
Lapse- one off backslide. Does NOT indicate failure
Relapse- falling back into one’s original pattern of undesireable behaviour
Abstinence-violation effect
one lapse can destroy one’s confidence in remaining abstinent –> cause full relapse
Social engineering
Force change through environment
eg. seatbelt laws, vaccine mandate, smoking prohibition
Harm reduction approach
- Decriminalization
- Reduce negative consequences of substance use +Reduce stigma associated with addiction
Harm reduction approach example
Vancouver’s downtown eastside (1997): Public health emergency:
Spike in overdose
Spike in HIV/Hep C
(2003) Insite supervised drug consumption site
- decreased public injections/syringe sharing
- decreased ODs
- Decreased HIV
- INCREASED detox services/addiction treatments
Addiction
Physical dependence: body needs substance for normal functioning
Psychological dependence: Compulltion to use without necessarily being physically dependent
sick role behaviour
loss of locus of control; take a backseat role in treatment
Problem drinking
Tolerance: diminished effect over time; need greater amounts for same effect
Withdrawal: sever symptoms when stop using
Alcohol use disorder: best intervention
Motivational interviewing
Alcohol use disorder: relapse rate is ___. What are high risk situations?
high
- Intrapersonal situations:
Negative emotional states
Positive emotional states (celebrations)
Exposure to cues
Non-specific cravings
- Interpersonal situations: Interpersonal conflict
Key interventions: Alcohol use disorder, abstinence vs moderation
decreased control w/ future drinks
CBT: awareness of triggers –> plan of action
Substantial role of environmental conditioning/parental modelling
Obesity epidemic: systems approach
Interaction of genes and environment and behaviour. But less genetic (only 25-30%)
- lifestyle sedintary
- packaged food
Obesity epidemic: stigma
Health halo
tendency to judge an entire food as healthier based on one or more narrow attributes that is perceived as healthy
Obesity/weight control: diet/nutriition
