TERM 2 Flashcards
what is integumentary system
skin and apendages
Transcutaneous absorption
dermal patch used to induce substance into skin
sebum is…
oil
sudor is …
sweat
avascular is..
without blood
layer of skin switch cells divsie contantly
basal
mitosis is
cell reproduction , mother cells produce 2 daughters
desmosomes
disk shaped structures that control strength and adhesion between keratinctyes
melanocytes
pigment cells
pigment cells
produce melanin switch protects againt UV radiation and gives skin, hair and eyes color
langerhan cells
cells that specialized in antigen prresentation and belong to the skin immune response (cells at the outermost layer of cutaneous immune system and induce first reactions againt pathogens
lamellar bodies
interceelluar lipids that fills space between upper part of the cell. responsible for hydation, firmness and smoothness of skin
what is TEWL
transepidermal water loss, caused by skin conditions like eczema dermatitis or roacea
desquamtion
shedding of stratum corneum
ceramide
lipid molecule composed of amino acids phinogosine and free fatty acid
fibroblast cells
cells that manufacture collagen, glcominoglycans, glyoprotiens , reticular and elastic fibers
GAGS
glyosaminglycans, gel that fills the gaps between fibers and allow skin to be plump supple and moisturized
collagen
fibers that grow in a helix shape and makeup aprox. 70% of dermis aiding in healing and retaining moisture
elastin
fibers that provide the skin with strength , extensiblity and elasticity
papille
small cone shaped projections of elastic tissue that point upwards into the epidermis
PH
potential hydrogen measures degree of alkality and acidity
Papules
red short bump with no pus
Pustules
inflamed with pus
basal
layer of emidermis constantly shedding and replacing itsself
the skin is nurished by
blood and lymph
blood vessels oil and sweat glands are in the …
dermis
atrong protien substance that forms bundles that strengthen skin and give structure is
collagen
outermost layer of skin is
epidermis
melanin protects cells from
ultraviolet rays
another name for oil gland is
sebaceuos glands
other nane for dermis are cutis derma corium and
true skin
another name for white head
closed comedo
what is buildup of skin cells on epidermis called
keratosis
massage methiod using gentle pumping to train toxins
lymphatic drainage
small evevated growth removed by doctor
skintags
branch of mmedical science for skin disease and treatment
dermatology
insect bite or case of hives is a lesson called
wheal
a blister of vesicle contains
watery fluid
zone of skin on outer cheeks
u zone
a decrease of pigment
hypo-pigmentations
erythrosis is
redness
a build up of cells production orange peel effect
thick skin
reffered to as active or key ingriedient
preformance ingreident
keep oil and water blended
emusifiers
presevative
examples parabens nonoxynol p and quadterium 15
water
cosmetic ingreideint both vehicle and preformance
lubricate skin by trapping water
emollients
congential partial or total absence of pigment
albinism
most common type of skin cancer
basal cell circoma
bacterial infection of hair follicle
follicultis
irritation by substance touching skin
contact dermatisus
skin condition that looks dull and lacks oxygen
asphyxiated skin
skin condition appears as blotchiness or readness with thread like lines
couperouse
cells found in dermis
fibroblast cells
water content of skin
turgor
these sweat blands are located in axilae and pubic region
apocrine
deepest layer of dermis is reticular layer
true
comedone
blackhead
milia
closed comedone
sebaceous cyst
also called a steatoma
acne
inflamitory disease of sebaceous gland
congestion
buildup of dead skincells
superficial dehydration
crepey, lack of water on epidermis
deep dehydation
itchy flakey tight skin
diffused redness
caused by dilated capillaries
couperose or telamgiectasias
threadlike englarged or broken capillaries
hyper pigmentation
increase in pigment
hypopigmentation
decrease in pigment
erythema
supperficial reddening of skin from lesion
wrinkles
deep folds in skin after finelines
collagen
fibers grow in helix shape aid in healing and mosture 70% of dermis
elasticity
fibers that provide skin with strength and elsatity
asphyxiated
without oxygen, gray dull difficult to see bloodflow
oily skin is
large ostia on entire face, thick skin, comedones
normal/ oily
large meduim ostia on t zone, meduim ostia on rest of face moderate oil production
normal
meduim sized ostia average thickness few pap/pus and few comedones moderate oil
normal/ dry
meduim/small ostia on t zone small ostia on rest of face, few pus/pap moderate to little oil production
dry skin
small inisbale ostia on entire face very little oil production, fine lines
anagen , catagen, telogen
anangen- active stage
catagen- transition phase
telogen- resting
shiatsu massage
1900s japanese based on bodys chi flowiong through defned channels along the surface of the body. accupressure points
vapozone
machine (steamer)
high frequency
machine using alernating current known as tesla
orange e;ectrode (or pink) neon gas
slightly germicidal helps skin accept active ingriedents and smoothe irritation
viol;et electrode (argon gas)
germicidal, generates heat and stimulkates circulation
dirrect current
d/c galvanic current
alternating current
a/c high frequency machine
electrode
serves as conductor and applicator of electricity
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
– Water-soluble acids (e.g., glycolic, lactic acid) that exfoliate the skin’s surface, improving texture and brightness.
Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs)
Oil-soluble acids (e.g., salicylic acid) that penetrate deeper into pores, helping to clear acne and excess oil.
clay mask
Clay Masque – A purifying mask made with clay, such as kaolin or bentonite, that absorbs oil and detoxifies the skin, ideal for oily or acne-prone skin.
gel mask
Gel Masque – A hydrating and cooling mask that soothes and refreshes the skin, commonly used for sensitive or dehydrated skin
Nourishing Masque
Nourishing Masque – A rich, moisturizing mask designed to replenish dry, dehydrated, or mature skin with nutrients and hydration.
UVA
UVA – Ultraviolet A rays, which penetrate deep into the skin, causing premature aging and wrinkles. Present all year round.
UVB
UVB – Ultraviolet B rays, which affect the skin’s surface, causing sunburn and playing a key role in skin cancer development.
refers to water content in skin
turgor
what does NMF stand for
NATURAL MOISTRURIZING FACTOR
the upper layer of dermis
papillary layer
blood vessels and sweat glands are found in what skin layer
reticular
surfactants
chemicals that reduce tension between skin and product
emulsifiers
keeps oil and water blended
thickeners
vehicle ingriedent to thicken or suspend ingreidents
emollients
cosmetic ingredients that are fatty agents, performance ingredients that prevent dehydration by trapping water in epidermis
functional ingreidents
compose the majority of a product, allow products to spread, texture referred to as vehicles
mixture
when two or more compounds blended together physically
solution
mixture which each chemical is distributed evenly
suspension
even dispertion of solid substance in liquid base
gel
formulated with thickening agent to increase viscrocity
oinment
no water. proudct is in oil and waxes
emulsion
mixture of two or more non-mixable substances (oil and water) united by binder
biotech.
ingredients produced in laboratory
cosmeceutical
cosmetic and pharma
skin mirobiome
skin flora
free radical
atoms or groups of atoms with an odd number of electrons once formed these are highly reactive that can start chain reaction/ this can damage dna and cell membrane, body has antioxidants to prevent damage
antioxidants
vitamins, amino acids that neutralize free radicals
Coenzyme q10
antiioxdant that body naturally produces revitalizes skincells. formulated with other natural protective ingredients to increase energy in epidermal cells. used to strengthen capillary network
peptides
chains of amino acids, stimulate fubroblasts to produce collagen
polyglucans
hydrophilic that can be absorbed into outer layer of epidermis. attract water and perseve and protect collagen and elastin
beta glucans
used to reduce finelines by stimulkatiting formation of collagen
delivery sytems
liposomes nanosomes and nantech.
liposome
closed lipid bilayer spheres that encase ingredients with controlled release of ingredients
nanosome
easily penetrate dermis, small lipid vesicles they penetrate both oil and water
nano tech.
reduction to one billion of a meter to create new materials and improve exciting materials active ingredients are delivered through nano tech.
polymers
mircfosponges that use tiny beads with pereations (holes) that release substances at controlled rate
a/c
alternating current a rrapid and interupped (oscilating) back and forth allowing electrons to flow in opne direction then the other
d.c
dirrect current , constant and even flow only in one dirrect, postive to neg or neg to postive
electrode
conductor and applicator of electricity
high frequency current
tesla, alternating current at high rate to create heat
conductor
substance that transmits electrical current like water and metals and body
faradic current
interrupted current capable of producing mechanic reactions without chemical effect, passive muscle exercise
viennese massage
indirect application of high frequency using spiral electrode
The shedding process of dead skin
Desquamation
Cells that produce pigment called melanin
Melanocytes
The hair follicle with attached sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle
Pilosebaceous unit
Sweat glands located in the axillae and pubic region
apocrine
The ability of the skin to return to its natural PH after it’s been altered
buffer capacity
Fibers that give skin its strength and elasticitye
elastin
Fibers that retail moisture and aid in wound repair
collagen
Which part of the body has the thinnest skin?
eyelids
How does oil help maintain the water level in the cells?
oil coating the skin’s surface slows down water evaporation
In what layer of the skin does the cell division occur continuously?
basal layer
Where is the stratum lucidum found?
palms of the hands and soles of the feet
Which of these is true about sebaceous glands?
*
their glandular sacs open into the hair follicles
Symptom that can be seen
objective
Redness of the skin as a result of injury or irritation
erythema
Another term for itching
pruritis
Smooth, slighly pink, dome shaped overgrowths of scar tissue
keloid
Disease having a rapid onset and a short duration
acute
Yeast infections that causes a variety of skin disorders.
candida
Disorders causing redness and small pustules across the cheeks and on the nose
rosacea
Lesion caused by an insect bite (known as a hive)
wheal
This condition has smooth whitish patches on the skin as a result of melanocytes
vitiligo
Any mark or abnormality/modification of the skin is described as:
lesion
Bullae and vesicles are
blisters containing clear, watery fluid
A freckle is a type of:
macule
A keloid is a kind of:
fissure
The types of skin cancer caused by cumulative sun exposure are:
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma
Stratum granulosum
The cells look like granules and are filled with karatohyalin
Stratum germinativum
Contains keratinocytes and melanocytes
Stratum corneum
Continually bing shed and replaced
Stratum lucidum
Consists of transparent cells
Stratum spinosum
The cells in this layer appear to have spines or thorns
Papillary layer
Dermal layer containing tactile corpuscules and papillae
Reticular layer
Skin layer containing elastic fibers
polyglucans and beta-glucans are
Hydrophilic
Molecules that guide peptides through the stratum corneum into the deeper skin layers.
a) Chaperone molecules
b) Pilot molecules
An overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes:
acne
Skin Type 1
Always burns, never tans; often blue or light green eyes, may have ephelides or lentigines, blue/pink undertone, usually blond or redhead.
Skin Type II
always burns, turns slightly tan; limited protection from burning rays, may have ephelides or lentigines, good candidates for aggressive peels and laser resurfacing.
type 3
Rarely burns, tans effortlessly; prone to pigment changes, not a candidate for laser resurfacing, dark eyes and hair.
Skin Type V (4)
Dark pigmented skin, rarely burns, deeply pigmented; at risk for hyperpigmentation andhypopigmentation, not a candidate for laser resurfacing or deeper peels.
Skin Type VI (5)
Darkest skin type, can hypo/hyperpigment, keloid; caution with peeling procedures, avoid overstimulating melanocytes.
