Term 2 Flashcards
Name groups in order of increasing priority ( so must be numbered with lowest carbon number ) (lowest at top highest priority at bottom)
- alkane (alkyl/halogen) lowest
- alkene
- amine
- alcohol (oh)
- ketone (one)
- aldehyde ( al )
- carboxylic acid (cooh)
What are the 2 ways bonds can be broken
- homolytic fission
- heterolytic fission
What is Homolytic fission
When covalent bond breaks each of bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond
- each atom now has a single unpaired electron
- an atom or groups of atoms with ab unpaired electrons are called radicals ( radicals are little circles drawn on right of element)
Remember 2 equal radicals on both
What is heterolytic fission
One atom loses both electrons and one gains both so there’s two different charges
This makes ions with different charges
What is a radical
An atom with an unpaired electron
What does a single headed arrow mean and what one of the 2 fissions is it used for
Means there’s a transfer of one electron
used for homolytic fission
What’s a double headed arrow used for and which fission
Means movement of a pair of electrons
Heterolytic fission
What is general forumula for homologous series of ketone
CnH2nO
What is a structural isomer
Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Definition of electrophile
An electrophile is an electron pair acceptor
What is a nucleophile
An electron pair donator (OH-)
Why do alkanes boiling point increase
Increases with increasing molecular weight. As molecular weight increases London forces increases because more atoms are present to increase the surface area of the molecule
