MOD 5 Flashcards
1
Q
wts a carbonyl compound
A
has c double bond o so aldehydes and ketones
2
Q
wt does aldehyde look like
A
oh group at end of chain
3
Q
wt does ketone look like
A
oh group middle of chain
4
Q
how do u increase chain length of carbonyl / MAKE HYDROXYNITRILE
A
add NACN and dilute h2so4
5
Q
what mechanism to form hydroxynitrile
A
- nucleophilic addition
6
Q
tests for carbonyls
A
- 2-4DNP first to identify carboys shld see orange precip
- then tollens reagent to distinguish between aldehyde and ketone
- tollens reagent mixed w aq ammonia and river nitrate heat
- if aldehyde presnt silver mirror forms
7
Q
how to go from carbonyl to primary alcohol
A
- reduction {H}. NABH4 in ethanol (aq)
- aldehyde turns to primary OH
- ketone- secondary OH
8
Q
how to make carbonyl
A
- oxidation {O} k2cr2o7 H2so4 reflux
- aldehyde turns to COOH
-aldehydes also oxidised by tollens making silver ions reduced to silver atoms
9
Q
how do u name hydroxynitrile
A
- CN becomes part of main chain
- so e.g hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile
10
Q
solubility in cooh
A
- COOH up to 4 carbons r soluble in h2o due to h bonds formation
- as chain increases non polar carbon chain has more affect than polar OH
11
Q
- wt r 2 types of acid reactions of COOH
A
- redox w metals
- neutralisation w bases
12
Q
how to name carboxylate salts
A
- change oic in cooh salt to oate
13
Q
how to make salt from COOH and metal
A
COOH + metal > salt + hydrogen
14
Q
cooh + alkali (metal ox)
A
salt + water
15
Q
cooh + carbonate
A
salt + water + co2
