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PMC112 - 2nd Sem/1st Cycle > [TERM 1:Ln]Solid Dosage Forms > Flashcards

[TERM 1:Ln]Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

mixtures of finely divided drugs or chemicals in dry form which can be used internally or externally

A

POWDERS

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2
Q

are prepared agglomerates of powder

A

GRANULES

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3
Q

Types of Powders and Granules

A
  1. Bulk powders or granules for internal use – C-Lium Fibre
  2. Divided powders or granules for internal use -
  3. Dusting powders for external use - MILCU
  4. Insufflations for administration to ear, nose or throat
  5. Antibiotic suspension to be reconstituted before
    use
  6. Powders for reconstitution into injections
  7. Dry powder inhalers
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4
Q

Latin origin word of POWDERS

A

“pulvis”

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5
Q

Maybe a finely subdivided preparation; coarsely comminuted product or a product of intermediate particle size

A

POWDERS

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6
Q

ADVANTAGES OF POWDERS

A

1.Each dose can contain a different amount of
active drug can be administered easily to
infants and young children who cannot
swallow tablets or capsules drug

  1. Can be applied to many body cavities such as
    ears, nose, tooth socket, throat

3.Can be made into many different dosage
formulations (capsules, tablets, powders for
reconstitution, dusting powders, bulk powders,
powders for inhalation, etc.)

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7
Q

Disadvantages of powder

A
  1. time consuming to prepare
  2. they are not suited well for dispensing unpleasant tasting, hygroscopic
    or deliquescent drugs.
  3. Bulk powders – inaccuracy of doses
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8
Q

PROPERTIES OF POWDERS

A
  1. Exist as fine particles
  2. Smooth to the touch and nonirritating to the skin
  3. Powders generally range from 0.1 to 10 micron in size.
  4. The size of the particles are often expressed as a number
    which corresponds to the mesh screen size of a sieve.
  5. The screen size indicates the number of openings in the mesh
    screen per inch
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9
Q

MESH SIZE 2

A
  1. 52 mm // 9520 um
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10
Q

MESH SIZE 4

A

4.76 mm // 4760 um

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11
Q

MESH SIZE 8

A

2.38 mm // 2380 um

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12
Q

MESH SIZE 10

A

2.00 mm // 2000 um

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13
Q

MESH SIZE 20

A

0.84 mm // 840 um

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14
Q

MESH SIZE 30

A

0.59 mm // 590 um

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15
Q

MESH SIZE 40

A

0.42 mm // 420 um

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16
Q

MESH SIZE 50

A

0.297 mm // 297 um

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17
Q

MESH SIZE 60

A

0.250 mm // 250 um

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18
Q

MESH SIZE 70

A

0.210 mm // 210 um

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19
Q

MESH SIZE 80

A

0.177 mm // 177 um

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20
Q

MESH SIZE 100

A

0.149 mm // 149 um

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21
Q

MESH SIZE 120

A

0.125 mm // 125 um

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22
Q

MESH SIZE 200

A

0.074 mm // 74 um

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23
Q

All particles pass through a No.8 sieve and not more than 20% through
a No.60 sieve

A

Very Coarse (No.8)

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24
Q

All particles pass through a No.20 sieve and NMT 40% through a
No.60 sieve

A

Coarse (No.20)

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25
Q

All particles pass through a No.40 sieve and NMT 40% through a No.80
sieve

A

Moderately Coarse (No.40)

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26
Q

All particles pass through a No.60 sieve and NMT 40% through a
No.100 sieve

A

Fine (No.60)

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27
Q

All particles pass through a No.80 sieve. There is no limit to greater
fineness

A

Very fine (No.80)

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28
Q

Very Coarse

A

Mesh Opening Size: >1000
Mesh Size Number: 2-10

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29
Q

Coarse

A

Mesh Opening Size: 355-1000
Mesh Size Number: 20-40

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30
Q

Moderately Coarse

A

Mesh Opening Size: 180-355
Mesh Size Number: 40-80

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31
Q

Fine

A

Mesh Opening Size: 125-180
Mesh Size Number: 80-120

32
Q

Very Fine

A

Mesh Opening Size: 90-125
Mesh Size Number: 120-200

33
Q

All particles pass through a No.20 sieve and NMT 60%
through a No.40 sieve

A

Coarse (No.20)

34
Q

All particles pass through a No.40 sieve and NMT 60%
through a No.60 sieve

A

Moderately coarse (No.40)

35
Q

All particles pass through a No.80 sieve. There is no limit as
to greater fineness.

A

Fine (No.80)

36
Q

All particles pass through a No.120 sieve. There is no limit
to greater fineness

A

Very Fine (No.120)

37
Q

dispensed in the form of individual doses and generally are dispensed in
paper properly folded. They may be dispensed in metal foil, small heat
plastic bag.

A

DIVIDED POWDERS (Chartulae/Chartula)

38
Q

POWDER FORMULATION

A
  1. Weighing of components in the formulation
  2. Comminution
    The process of reducing the particle size in extemporaneous compounding (increase dissolution, absorption of drugs).
    There are three methods of comminution:
    § Trituration
    § Pulverization by intervention
    § Levigation

3.Mixing of Ingredients

  1. Dividing the powders accurately into the prescribed number
  2. Transferring each dose in individual papers
  3. Folding the powder papers
  4. Packaging divided powders (powder boxes)
39
Q

continuous rubbing or grinding of the powder
in a mortar with a pestle. This method is used
when working with hard, fracturable
powders

A

TRITURATION

40
Q

used with hard crystalline powders that do not crush
or triturate easily, or gummy-type substances.

Addition of volatile substances (camphor and
alcohol)

The first step is to use an “intervening” solvent (such
as alcohol or acetone) that will dissolve the
compound.

The dissolved powder is then mixed in a mortar or
spread on an ointment slab to enhance the
evaporation of the solvent.

As the solvent evaporates, the powder will
recrystallize out of solution as fine particles

A

Pulverization by Intervention

41
Q

formation of a paste by addition of a LEVIGATING
AGENT

Reduces the particle size by triturating it in a
mortar or spatulating it on an ointment slab or
pad with a small amount of a liquid (levigating
agent) in which the solid is not soluble.

The solvent should be somewhat viscous such as
mineral oil or glycerin.

This method is also used to reduce the particle
size of insoluble materials when compounding
ointments and suspensions

A

LEVIGATION

42
Q

mixing powders enclosed in large containers which
rotates by a motorized process. (mechanical mixer);large scale
compounding

A

Tumbling Method

43
Q

particles are passed by a mechanical shaking through a series of sieves known and successively smaller size and the
determination of proportion of powder passing through a sieve; used for NON-POTENT POWDERS

A

Sieving Method

44
Q

mixing by passing through a sifters like the one used in the kitchen to sift flour

A

Sifting Method

45
Q

small amounts of powders may be blended by the
movement of a pharmaceutical spatula through a sheet of powder or pile
tile; FOR NON POTENT POWDERS

A

Spatulation method

46
Q

both to comminute and to mix powders

A

Trituration method

47
Q

addition of appropriate amount of diluent to a
POTENT substance

A

Geometric dilution

48
Q

used for non-potent drugs, the powder prepared is placed on a flat surface (pill tile or glass plate) and with a large spatula

forms rectangular or squared shaped, then using a spatula, the RPh partially cut into pieces of blocks.

A

Block and Divide Method (using a pill tile)

49
Q

powder papers of equal size should be place on pans of balance and weighed according to prescribed weight

A

Weighing of Individual Doses

50
Q

Dividing the powders accurately into the prescribed number
of doses by:

A

1.Block and Divide Method (using a pill tile)

  1. Weighing of Individual Doses
  2. Transferring each dose in individual
    papers
  3. Folding the powder papers
  4. Packaging divided powders (powder boxes)
51
Q

Four (4) Basic Types of Paper Used

A
  1. Vegetable Parchment Paper – thin, semi-opaque
    moisture resistant paper
  2. White Paper – an opaque without moisture
    resistant papers
  3. Glassine Paper – glazed, transparent moisture
    resistant papers
  4. Waxed Paper- Transparent, waterproof for
    hygroscopic and volatile drugs.
52
Q

thin, semi-opaque
moisture resistant paper

A

Vegetable Parchment Paper

53
Q

an opaque without moisture resistant papers

A

White Paper

54
Q

glazed, transparent moisture resistant papers

A

Glassine Paper

55
Q

Transparent, waterproof for hygroscopic and volatile drugs.

A

Waxed Paper

56
Q

non-potent and can be
dosed with acceptable accuracy and safety
using measuring devices such as the teaspoon,
cup, or insufflator.

Available in prepackaged amount like
antacids, laxatives, douche powders

Measuring scoop, spoon or other device is
dispensed with the powder

A

BULK POWDERS

57
Q

TYPES OF BULK POWDERS

A
  1. ORAL POWDERS
  2. DENTRIFICES
  3. DOUCHES
  4. DUSTING POWDERS
  5. INSUFFLATIONS
58
Q

generally supplied as finely divided powders or
effervescent granules.

It is intended to be dissolved in water

A

ORAL POWDERS

59
Q

is a substances used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning
the accessible surface of the teeth, commercial dentrifices powders are more abrasive
than paste

A

Dentrifices

60
Q

these products are completely soluble and are intended to be dissolved
in water prior to use as antiseptics or cleaning agents for the body cavity. Dispense in a
wide mouth glass jar.

A

Douches

61
Q

are fine medicinal (bulk) powders intended to
be dusted on the skin by means of sifter-top containers.

A

Dusting Powders

62
Q

these are finely divided powders introduced into the body cavities
such as ears, nose, throat and vagina. Insufflators (powder blower) usually employed to
administer these products

A

Insufflations

63
Q

prepared agglomerates of smaller particles of powder

irregularly shaped but may be prepared to spherical

Usually in the 4-12 sieve size range

Prepared by wet and dry methods

A

GRANULES

64
Q

METHODS OF PREPARATION OF GRANULES

A
  • Wet Method
    – Powder or powder mixture is moistened
    – Pass through a screen
    – Granules placed on drying trays
    – Using fluid bed processing
  • Dry Method
    – Dry powder passed through a roll compactor then in a
    granulating machine
  • SLUGGING (alternative dry method)
    – Compression of powders into large tablets or slugs
    granulator
65
Q

METHODS OF PREPARATION OF EFFERVESCENT GRANULES

A
  • FUSION METHOD (DRY)
    *WET METHOD
66
Q

Solid dosage form in which one or more
medicinal and/or inert substances are
enclosed within a small shell or container
generally prepared from a suitable form of
gelatin (hard or soft)

A

CAPSULES

67
Q

Intended to be swallowed whole for the
benefit of the medicine contained within

A

CAPSULES

68
Q

consists of a base or body and a
shorter cap, which fits firmly over the base of the capsule. For human use, eight sizes of
capsules are available

A

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

69
Q

are available as clear gelatin capsules or in a variety of colors

A

CAPSULES

70
Q

prepared by the hydrolysis of collagen, which is the
main protein constituent of connective tissues in animal
bones and skins

A

GELATIN

71
Q

acid hydrolysis of porcine skins

A

GELATIN A

72
Q

base hydrolysis of bovine bones

A

GELATIN B

73
Q

Capsule sizes for human use

A

000 (largest) & 5 (smallest)

74
Q

Capsule size 5

A

65mg-130 mg

75
Q

Capsule size 4

A

97 mg-260 mg

PMC112 - 2nd Sem/1st Cycle (5 decks)

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