Term 1 Compounds

Question 1

Compare elements and compounds

Answer 1

Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom whereas compounds are substances composed of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratios.

Question 2

Explain the formation of ions

Answer 2

Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.

Question 3

Explain the formation of ionic compounds

Answer 3

Ionic compounds are composed of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) held together by electrostatic forces of attraction.

Question 4

Explain what a polyatomic ion is

Answer 4

Polyatomic ions are charged particles composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together and carrying a net electrical charge. e.g Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Question 5

How do you name ionic compounds

Answer 5

Cation First: Write the name of the cation (usually a metal) first.
Anion Second: Write the name of the anion (usually a non-metal) second, changing the ending to “-ide” if it’s a single element. E.G sodium chloride

Question 6

How do you write ionic compounds

Answer 6

Swap and drop method
Ionic Charge: Determine the charges of the ions involved.
Balancing Charges: Ensure that the total positive charge equals the total negative charge to form a neutral compound.
Crossing Charges: Cross the charges from the ions to write the subscripts.

Question 7

Explain the formation of covalent compounds

Answer 7

Covalent compounds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Covalent bonds are formed between non-metal atoms.

Question 8

How to name Covalent Molecular compounds

Answer 8

Prefixes: Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule.
First Element: Name the first element using its full name.
Second Element: Name the second element with the suffix “-ide” and also use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. e.g CO2 is carbon dioxide (carbon and two oxygens).

Question 9

How to write Covalent Molecular compounds

Answer 9

Prefixes: Use prefixes to determine the number of atoms of each element.
Identify Elements: Identify the elements present and their respective prefixes.
Write Formula: Write the symbols of the elements along with their subscripts based on the prefixes.
e.g Dinitrogen pentoxide is N2O5 (two nitrogens and five oxygens).

Question 10

Compare the nature of ionic and covalent bonding

Answer 10

Ionic bonds involve a metal and a non-metal, while covalent bonds involve two non-metal atoms.

Question 11

Compare the electron behavior of ionic and covalent bonding

Answer 11

Ionic bonding involves electron transfer, while covalent bonding involves electron sharing.

Question 12

Compare the bond strength of ionic and covalent bonding

Answer 12

Ionic bonds are typically stronger than covalent bonds

Question 13

Compare the melting and boiling point of ionic and covalent bonding

Answer 13

Ionic compounds usually have higher melting and boiling points compared to covalent compounds.

Question 14

Compare the solubility and conductivity of ionic and covalent bonding

Answer 14

Ionic compounds are often soluble in water and conduct electricity when dissolved or molten, whereas covalent compounds are generally insoluble in water and do not conduct electricity.

Question 15

Are metals or non metals generally cations

Answer 15

Metals lose electrons in bonding therefore they form cations

Question 16

Do metals or non metals form anions

Answer 16

Non-metals gain electrons in bonding therefore they form anions