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Biology of Aging > Term 1 > Flashcards

Term 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

chronological age

A

measured in years

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2
Q

physiological age

A

measured in functional capacity

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

functional ability

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4
Q

aging

A

process of growing old

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5
Q

senescence

A

biological aging, change in biology

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6
Q

senility

A

physical/mental deterioration

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7
Q

gerontology

A

study of aging

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8
Q

geriatrics

A

healthcare delivery to elderly

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9
Q

longevity

A

duration of life, mean + max measures

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10
Q

Aging by Program Theory

A

“clock” in human body controls aging, info from hypothalamus is carried to cells via nerves, communication of messages decline w/ age

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11
Q

Gene Theory

A

aging is programmed, but is due to one or more harmful genes, only become active later in life, human lifespan is inherited trait, little firm evidence to support theory

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12
Q

Gene Mutation Theory

A

mutations of genes in cells, accumulation of cells with altered function, result over time leads to malfunction

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13
Q

Cross-Linkage Theory

A

when proteins are denatured past a certain point, they become irreversibly altered, caused by formation of cross-links, *PROTEINS ARE STRUCTURALLY CHANGED, cause dysfunction with cells, tissues, organs

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14
Q

enzyme

A

protein, controls rate of chemical reactions in the body, organic catalyst

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15
Q

collagen

A

supportive tissue, protein fiber, intercellular matrix

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16
Q

Free Radical Theory

A

free radicals are cellular chemicals contain unpaired electrons, react with cellular proteins = chemical alteration, the more antioxidants, the longer you live

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17
Q

Cellular Garbage Theory

A

garbage molecules interfere with normal cell functioning, cause damages in cell components including proteins and nucleic acid

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18
Q

Accumulation of Errors Theory

A

cell dysfunction could result from accumulation of random errors, affects enzyme activity negatively, new proteins are synthesized, highly questionable theory

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19
Q

Wear and Tear Theory

A

aging is programmed process, quicker the energy production = faster death, mainly experimental evidence, no conclusions

20
Q

Autoimmune Theory

A

immune system protects from invasion by foreign substance, antigens and antibodies, sources suggest antigens appear later in life, responsible for things like Chrons Disease.

21
Q

cells

A

basic unit of life, new cells arise from preexisting cells

22
Q

DNA

A

cell blueprint

23
Q

area to volume ratio

A

larger the surface area, more nutrients

24
Q

plasma membrane

A

surrounds, delineates cell, phospholipid bilayer, embedded w/ proteins, selectively permeable

25
Q

cytoplasm

A

semifluid inside cell, contains organelles

26
Q

organelles

A

specific cell function

27
Q

diffusion/osmosis

A

all molecules similar want to spread out and move away from each other

28
Q

RNA

A

copy of DNA

29
Q

mitochondrion

A

powerhouse of the cell

30
Q

lysosomes

A

collection of enzyme surrounded by membrane, breaks down substances, cleaning agent, digestive

31
Q

cell wall

A

structural support

32
Q

nucleus

A

brain of cell, houses DNA

33
Q

nucleolus

A

center of nucleus, produces subunits of ribosomes

34
Q

nucleoid

A

contains majority of DNA material

35
Q

ribosomes

A

synthesize proteins

36
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

puts proteins into lysosomes, transports proteins to Golgi apparatus

37
Q

rough ER

A

studded w/ ribosomes

38
Q

smooth ER

A

no ribosomes, synthesizes lipid molecules

39
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

processes, packages, modifies cell product

40
Q

vesicles

A

hold cell waste and unnecessary materials

41
Q

lysosomes

A

digests macromolecules

42
Q

cytoskeleton

A

maintains cells shape, assists movement of cell parts

43
Q

centrioles

A

short cylinders of microtubules

44
Q

capsule

A

part of outer envelope made of polysaccharides

45
Q

cilia/flagella

A

tail helps cell move

Biology of Aging (2 decks)

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