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Natural Science and technology > Term 1 > Flashcards

Term 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Glucose sugar

A

A white sugar found in plant (plants food) and animal tissues

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

The complex process by which plants gain energy from water, carbon dioxide as well as various other elements

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2
Q

Starch

A

A white substance which exists in large amounts in potatoes and particular grains such as rice

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3
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green coloring matter in leaves and plants essential to the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis. Chlorophyll has the ability to absorb the energy from the sun and convert it to chemical potential energy.

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4
Q

Describe how plants make their own food

A

Plants food is glucose sugar.
Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves .
The plant uses energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose sugar.
Plants change some of the glucose sugar into starch which they store in their leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds.

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5
Q

Iodine solution

A

Is used to test for starch in food. The starch will change from brown to blue-black

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

A colorless, odorless gas that does not burn, present in the atmosphere and formed during respiration

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7
Q

Oxygen

A

A colorless, odorless gaseous element in the atmosphere making up about a fifth of the atmosphere and essential in the creation and sustenance of life

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8
Q

Clear lime water

A

Clear lime water is used to test for carbon dioxide. The water becomes milky

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9
Q

Food groups

A 
There are five major food groups
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
Vitamin
Mineral
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10
Q

Additive

A

A substance that is added to another substance, usually to improve its quality or counteract undesired properties

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11
Q

Artificial sweetener

A

A synthetic substance used to sweeten something in place of sugar

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12
Q

Atmosphere

A

The mixture of gases around the earth

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13
Q

Balanced diet

A

The correct amount of food intake of the various food groups for a given person

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14
Q

Calcium

A

A chemical element which is present in teeth, bones and chalk

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15
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Substances such as sugar or starch, which provide the body with energy, or foods containing these substances such as bread, potatoes, pasta and rice

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16
Q

Caboloading

A

Eating lots of carbohydrates before an athletic events

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17
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals

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18
Q

Colorant

A

Something used as a coloring matter, pigment, dye

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19
Q

Consumer

A

A person or thing that consumes

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20
Q

Decomposed

A

An organism, usually bacteria or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances

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21
Q

Diabetes

A

A disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood

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22
Q

Diet

A

A particular selection of foods which a specific person would usually consume

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23
Q

Ecosystems

A

All the living things in an area and the way they interact with each other and the environment

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25
Q

Edible

A

Safe to be eaten as food

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26
Q

Energy

A

power that comes from physical or chemical resources, for example to provide light or heat or to work machines

27
Q

Feeding relationship

A

a food chain amongst different animals

28
Q

Fermentation

A

a change brought about by fermentation, such as yeast enzymes, which convert grape sugar into ethyl

29
Q

Flavourant

A

a substance used to give something else such as a food, a better tast

30
Q

Food chains

A

a series of organisms interrelated in their feeding habits

31
Q

Food processing

A

a process by which food is either broken down into a smaller or more basic form or changed

32
Q

Food web

A

a series of organisms related by predator-prey and consumer-resource interactions the entirety of interrelated food chains in an ecological community

33
Q

habitats

A

the natural environments in which animals or plants usually live

34
Q

herbivores

A

animals that feed on grass and plants

35
Q

Immune system

A

the cells and tissues in the body which make it able to protect itself against infection

36
Q

Infection

A

an invasion of the body by a contaminating organism in a bodily part of tissue which may cause damage

37
Q

insulate

A

cover with a material usually plastic to make wires safe

38
Q

Iron

A

a common silver-coloured metal element which is magnetic. It is strong, used in making steel and found in very small amounts, in a chemically combined form in blood

39
Q

Metabolise

A

to break down foods for energy in the human body

40
Q

Micro organisms

A

any organism too small to be seen by the unaided eye

41
Q

minerals

A

chemicals that your body needs to stay healthy

42
Q

Natural enemies

A

animals in nature that are natural predators

43
Q

Non-perishable

A

not subject to rapid deterioration of decay

44
Q

Nutrient content

A

the amount of nutrients found in a given food

45
Q

nutrients

A

nourishing qualities in a food

46
Q

nutritionist

A

an expert on the subject of nutrition

47
Q

obesity

A

extremely fat. a diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity

48
Q

Omnivore

A

an animal who’s diet includes both animals and plants

49
Q

perishable

A

subject to decay, ruin or destruction

50
Q

predator

A

an organism that exists by preying on other organisms

51
Q

preservative

A

a chemical substance used to prevent or slow down the decaying of organic materials

52
Q

producers

A

a photosynthetic green plant which makes up the first level of the food chain

53
Q

protein

A

a food group, particularly important for the growth and development of cells

54
Q

rickets

A

a disease which children who do not have enough Vitamin D can suffer from, in which the bones become soft and not shaped correctly

55
Q

scalding

A

the temeprature of a liquid just short of boiling point

56
Q

scavengers

A

an animal or other organism that feeds on dead organic matter

57
Q

scurvy

A

an illness of the body tissues which is caused by not having enough Vitamin C

58
Q

Seasonal

A

pertaining to the seasons of the year

59
Q

sell-by-date

A

a date printed on the packaging of perishable goods indicating the date after which the food should not be eaten

60
Q

Stool

A

solid waste matter that your body excretes when you go to the toilet

61
Q

Sugar

A

a sweet substance especially from the plants sugar cane and sugar beet, used to make food and drinks sweet

62
Q

Tooth decay

A

this happens when a tooth becomes gradually damaged. Sugar feeds bacteria which makes teeth decay

63
Q

Vitamins

A

any of a group of natural substances which are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body

64
Q

The complex process by which plants gain energy from water, carbon dioxide as well as various other elements

A

Photosynthesis

Natural Science and technology (4 decks)

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