Term 1

Question 1

Why do plants photosynthesise

Answer 1

To convert energy from the sun into glucose for the respiration and other cellular processes

Question 2

What is the photosynthesis equation

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide +water> oxygen +glucose

Question 3

State the function of the stomata

Answer 3

It controls gas exchange and lets gas like o2 and co2 in and out of the leaf

Question 4

What is the function of the upper epidermis

Answer 4

The upper epidermis is a transparent layer and let’s light in for the palisade layer

Question 5

What is a potometer used for

Answer 5

Measure the rate of transpiration (mm/hour)

Question 6

State the equation to estimate transportation

Answer 6

Distance travelled by air bubble(mm) divided by the given time(hr)

Question 7

Describe in detail the factions that can affect transpiration rate

Answer 7

Light intensity- brighter=stomata open=transpiration possible
Temp=hotter=particles have more energy to diffuse=evapourate
Air movement=fast wind=water vapour is taken from leaf surface
Humidity=low water on leaf evaporates into surrounding air

Question 8

What are leaves adapted in marram grass to reduce the transpiration rate?

Answer 8

Marram grass > leaves curl into a cylinder to protect stomata on the inside +outer layer has thick waxy cuticle

Question 9

State the e key difference between xylem and phloem

Answer 9

Xylem transports water,unidirectional flow, dead cells joined end to end
Phloem transports food/glucose multidirectional flow. Live cells which are separated by membranes

Question 10

What are vitamins and nutrients needed for

Answer 10

For essential function and growth to make organic molecules to protein and DNA

Question 11

Define mineral deficiency

Answer 11

A lack of minerals necessary for healthy growth

Question 12

What does NPK stand for

Answer 12

N-nitrates
P-phosphates
K-potassium

Question 13

Why are NPK they each important for ensuring the healthy growth of a plant

Answer 13

Nitrates makes amino acids and protein and it’s needed for cell growth
Phosphate is making DNA and cell membranes and it’s needed for respiration and growth
Potassium is making enzymes and needed for photosynthesis and respiration

Question 14

Wha this glucose made in photosyntheses used for

Answer 14

1. Energy source
2. Plant energy storage
   3.plant building material
   4.production of other types of foods

Question 15

Define active transport and give an example of this

Answer 15

Active transport is the movement of particles/molecules from a low to a high concentration against a concentration gradient
E.g absorbing mineral ions from the soil

Question 16

Define transportation

Answer 16

The process of water cycling through the plants and evaporating out the stomata in the leaf

Question 17

Where does the most transportation take place

Answer 17

Leafs

Question 18

What does the transpiration steam carry

Answer 18

Minerals dissolving water

Question 19

State the four factors that can affect tramp rate

Answer 19

Light intensity
Humidity
Air flow
Temp

Question 20

Describe the effect of temp on transpiration rate

Answer 20

As temp increases transpiration rate increases as the water particles have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata

Question 21

Describe the effect of lower humidity on the transpiration rate

Answer 21

Faster transpiration rate as there is a greater difference in the water concentration inside the leaf compared to outside

Question 22

Describe the effect of lower light intensity on transpiration rate

Answer 22

Decreases transportation rate as stomata closes in darker conditions (plants don’t need CO2 for photosynthesis) therefore very little can escape

Question 23

Calculate the transportation rate if the bubble on the potometer moved 35mm in 10 min

Answer 23

Speed =distance moved/ time taken
Speed=35/10=3.5 mm/ min

Question 24

Name the top and bottom side of the leaf

Answer 24

Waxy cuticle

Question 25

What are the pores in the underside of the leaf called (singular/plural)

Answer 25

Stomacone, stomata

Question 26

Where does the most photosynthesis occur in the leaf

Answer 26

Palisade layer because it is densely packed with chloroplasts

Question 27

What controls the loss of water from the leaf and gas exchange

Answer 27

Guard cells which open and close

Question 28

Why is the upper epidermis transparent

Answer 28

To let light into the leaf so the leaf can photosynthesise

Question 29

State the function of the waxy cuticle

Answer 29

Prevents water loss out of the leaf by evaporation

Question 30

What is found in the vascular bundle

Answer 30

Xylem at the top
And phloem and the bottom

Question 31

Why does the spongy layer have air spaces

Answer 31

To allow gasses such as CO2 and O2 to diffuse in and out of the cells

Question 32

Describe how the root hairs take in both water and mineral

Answer 32

It takes in water by osmosis which is a higher water concentration to a lower concentration inside roots.
It takes minerals by active transport which lower in soil to higher concentration inside the root

Question 33

Describe the function be adaptations of the phloem

Answer 33

Transports food substances (sucrose) to rest of plant (both directions) phloem tubes are made of columns of elongated cells. Pores in end walls to allow substances through

Question 34

Describe the function and adaptations of the xylem

Answer 34

Carey water and mineral salts from the roots to let stem/ leaves made of dead cells joined to end with no end walls between them

Question 35

Explain transportation

Answer 35

The process of water cycling through the plant and evaporating out the stomata and in the leaf

Question 36

Name me the leaf form top to bottom

Answer 36

Waxy cuticle
Upper epidermis
Palisade layer
Spongy layer
Air spaces
Xylem and phloem (vascular bundle)
Lower epidermis
Guard cells
Stomata

Question 37

What is the function of the spongy layer

Answer 37

To allow gases such as CO2 and O2 to diffuse in and out of the leafs easily

Question 38

Describe the method to estimate transpiration rate

Answer 38

1 set up potometer
2 start a stopwatch and record the distance moved(per hour)
3calculate the speed of air bubble movement