term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what was the position of the UK in 1941

A
  • rationing during the Blitz
  • cities being bombed
  • fighting since 1939 (weakened)
  • 1940 Britain defeated Nazis during battle of Britain
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2
Q

What was the position of the USA in 1941

A
  • practicing isolation (1930’s foreign policy)
  • Japan attacks pearl harbour 1941
  • massive gov spending to raise army - helped economy recover from depression
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3
Q

what was the position of the USSR in 1941?

A
  • territorial expansion (defence against hitler)
  • Hitler breaks Nazi-Soviet pact
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4
Q

Tehran Conference

A
  • Nov 1943 (Iran)
  • Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
  • they agreed:
    • anglo-american forces would invade france may 1944
    • stalin would join war against japan after germany was defeated
    • ussr would gain territory from eastern poland
    • only accept unconditional surrender from germany
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5
Q

Yalta Conference

A
  • Feb 1945 (Ukraine)
  • Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
  • they agreed:
    • germany divided into four zones
    • ussr would annex polish territory they had in 1939
    • stalin agreed free elections in countries occupied by red army
    • stalin agreed to untied nations
    • soviet union would receive reparations from germany ($20 bill)
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6
Q

Potsdam Conference

A
  • May 1945 (Germany)
  • Stalin, Truman and Attlee
  • They agreed:
    • four zones in germany
    • denazification
    • nazi war criminals charged
    • russia take reparations from the soviet zone
    • ‘orderly and humane’ expulsions of ethnic Germans from Poland, Hungary and Czech
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7
Q

Stalin

A
  • communist dictator of USSR
  • in power between 1928-1953
  • focused on safety of soviet union (economy)
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8
Q

Roosevelt

A
  • American president
  • in power between 1933-1945
  • close relationship with stalin
  • wanted united nations
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9
Q

Truman

A
  • American president (replaced Roosevelt)
  • in power between 1945-1953
  • feared soviet expansion
  • use nuclear weapons
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10
Q

Churchill

A
  • prime minister of the UK
  • in power between 1940-1945
  • main priority was to end the war
  • keep soviets contained
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11
Q

Attlee

A
  • prime minister (replaced churchill)
  • in power between 1945-1951
  • more sympathetic to ussr than churchill
  • wanted an american presence in europe
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12
Q

Soviet expansion

A
  • salami method
  • would invade countries through their government and convert them to communism (usually by threatening those in power/ kidnapping)
  • romania (1945)
  • east germany (1945)
  • bulgaria (1946)
  • poland (1947)
  • hungary (1948)
  • czechoslovakia (1948)
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13
Q

George Kennan’s “Long Telegram”

A
  • Feb 1946
  • Soviet outlook (from america)
  • no peace between cap and com
  • democracy > dictatorship
  • conflict is good for spreading communism
  • leaders will not give up com
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14
Q

Nikolai Novikov’s Telegram

A
  • Sep 1946
  • american outlook (from soviets)
  • USA planning for expansion through democracy
  • wants to build an empire
  • america doesnt want the spread of com
  • america has nuclear weapons
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15
Q

Iron Curtain Speech

A
  • March 1946
  • necessity for the UK and USA to act as guardians of peace and stability against the threat of communism
  • iron curtain = political boundary dividing europe
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16
Q

Truman Doctrine

A
  • March 1947
  • truman wanted to stop communism spreading = CONTAINMENT
  • wanted to support free people politically, economically and militarily
  • USA must support the free people so they can maintain their freedom
17
Q

what were trumans thoughts in 1947? (pre-doctrine)

A
  • fear of the spread of communism
  • world is weak after WW2 - more likely to ‘fall’ for communism
  • USSR is a threat (focusing on preservation and will attack)
18
Q

Marshall Plan

A
  • April 1948
  • realising the economy fragility of europe after WW2, George Marshall formed a plan to help recovery
  • planned to create stable conditions so democracy could continue (czech had fallen to communism)
  • aid offered to all european countries (ones under soviet control withdrew)
  • $13 billion of economic aid (first amounted $17 bill)
  • USA able to establish long term trading partners
19
Q

Cominform

A
  • Sep 1947
  • nine european communist parties: USSR, Bulgaria, Czecho, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Yuhoslavia, France and Italy
  • aim to publish propaganda and spread communism
  • wanted to obstruct the Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine
20
Q

Comecon

A
  • Jan 1949
  • council for economic assistance under leadership of the Soviet Union
  • members included: USSR, Bulgaria, Czecho, Hungary, Poland and Romania
  • created in response to the Marshall Plan
21
Q

USA dropping bombs

A
  • 6th Aug 1945
  • 9th Aug 1945
22
Q

positives of the Marshall Plan

A
  • alliances weakened western powers & created positive relations
  • long-term strong trading partners
  • prevented spread of communism in europe (CONTAINMENT)
  • America viewed positively by western europe
23
Q

negatives of the Marshall Plan

A
  • divided europe
  • cominform created
  • comecon created:
    • not as successful as it might have been due to USSR dominating the economy size and industrial production
24
Q

what were the western effects of dropping nuclear bombs on japan?

A
  • strained USA and USSR relations
  • USSR felt threatened that the USA would use them to abolish communism