term 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what was the position of the UK in 1941
A
- rationing during the Blitz
- cities being bombed
- fighting since 1939 (weakened)
- 1940 Britain defeated Nazis during battle of Britain
2
Q
What was the position of the USA in 1941
A
- practicing isolation (1930’s foreign policy)
- Japan attacks pearl harbour 1941
- massive gov spending to raise army - helped economy recover from depression
3
Q
what was the position of the USSR in 1941?
A
- territorial expansion (defence against hitler)
- Hitler breaks Nazi-Soviet pact
4
Q
Tehran Conference
A
- Nov 1943 (Iran)
- Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
- they agreed:
• anglo-american forces would invade france may 1944
• stalin would join war against japan after germany was defeated
• ussr would gain territory from eastern poland
• only accept unconditional surrender from germany
5
Q
Yalta Conference
A
- Feb 1945 (Ukraine)
- Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
- they agreed:
• germany divided into four zones
• ussr would annex polish territory they had in 1939
• stalin agreed free elections in countries occupied by red army
• stalin agreed to untied nations
• soviet union would receive reparations from germany ($20 bill)
6
Q
Potsdam Conference
A
- May 1945 (Germany)
- Stalin, Truman and Attlee
- They agreed:
• four zones in germany
• denazification
• nazi war criminals charged
• russia take reparations from the soviet zone
• ‘orderly and humane’ expulsions of ethnic Germans from Poland, Hungary and Czech
7
Q
Stalin
A
- communist dictator of USSR
- in power between 1928-1953
- focused on safety of soviet union (economy)
8
Q
Roosevelt
A
- American president
- in power between 1933-1945
- close relationship with stalin
- wanted united nations
9
Q
Truman
A
- American president (replaced Roosevelt)
- in power between 1945-1953
- feared soviet expansion
- use nuclear weapons
10
Q
Churchill
A
- prime minister of the UK
- in power between 1940-1945
- main priority was to end the war
- keep soviets contained
11
Q
Attlee
A
- prime minister (replaced churchill)
- in power between 1945-1951
- more sympathetic to ussr than churchill
- wanted an american presence in europe
12
Q
Soviet expansion
A
- salami method
- would invade countries through their government and convert them to communism (usually by threatening those in power/ kidnapping)
- romania (1945)
- east germany (1945)
- bulgaria (1946)
- poland (1947)
- hungary (1948)
- czechoslovakia (1948)
13
Q
George Kennan’s “Long Telegram”
A
- Feb 1946
- Soviet outlook (from america)
- no peace between cap and com
- democracy > dictatorship
- conflict is good for spreading communism
- leaders will not give up com
14
Q
Nikolai Novikov’s Telegram
A
- Sep 1946
- american outlook (from soviets)
- USA planning for expansion through democracy
- wants to build an empire
- america doesnt want the spread of com
- america has nuclear weapons
15
Q
Iron Curtain Speech
A
- March 1946
- necessity for the UK and USA to act as guardians of peace and stability against the threat of communism
- iron curtain = political boundary dividing europe