teratogens: name the defect

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

renal damage

Question 2

alkylating agents

Answer 2

absence of digits, multiple abnormalities

Question 3

aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

carbamazepine

Answer 4

neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, intrauterine growth restriction

Question 5

diethylstibestrol

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital mullerian anomalies

Question 6

methimazole

Answer 6

aplasia cutis congenita (absence of an area of the skin at birth)
(anti-thyroid medication)

Question 7

phenytoin

Answer 7

fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distla phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability

Question 8

valproate

Answer 8

inhibition of maternal folate absorption cuases neural tube defects

Question 9

warfarin

Answer 9

bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities

Question 10

cocaine

Answer 10

abnormal growth and addiction; placental abruption

Question 11

smoking

Answer 11

low birth weight, preterm labor, ADHD

Question 12

diabetes

Answer 12

caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia), congenital heart defects (transposition of the great vessels), neural tube defects

Question 13

excess vitamin A

Answer 13

extremely high risk of spontaneous abortion and birth defects like cleft palate, cardiac problems

Question 14

What are the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 14

high incidence of congenital abnormalities like intellectual disability, pre and postnatal developmental retardation, microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities like a smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, and hypertelorism, limb dislocations, and heart defects.