Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Pharm II > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

1
Q

What can happen if the mother is exposed to warfarin during the 1st trimester?

A

Fetal warfarin syndrome

  • nasal hypoplasia
  • stubby fingers
  • calcific stippling of epiphyses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can happen if the mother is exposed to warfarin AFTER 1st trimester?

A

CNS defects

Bone defects –> dwarfism, scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are preconception RFs for adverse pregnancy outcomes?

A

Alcohol –> fetal alcohol syndrome

Obesity –> NTD, preterm delivery, DM, HTN, VTE, c-section

Tobacco –> preterm birth, low birth wt, spontaneous abortion, increased perinatal mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Using alcohol during pregnancy can lead to…

A

IU & postnatal growth retardation
Microcephaly
Facial abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are features of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A 
Flat midface
Thin upper lip 
Small eye openings 
Underdeveloped jaw 
Epicanthal folds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Using ACE/ARBs during pregnancy can cause…

A

Congenital renal failure
Skull abnormalities
Oligohydramnios –> deformities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the MOA of methotrexate?

A

Folic acid antagonist

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can happen if a pregnant woman is exposed to methotrexate >10mg/wk?

A

Embryopathy:

  • microcephaly
  • short limbs
  • IUGR
  • hypoplastic skull w/ wide frontanels & craniosynostosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) while pregnant was shown to cause..

A

Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma
Premature labor in female offspring
Hypospadias in male offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Radiation while pregnant can cause…

A

Microcephaly
Metal retardation

If intense –> CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Exposure to thalidomide while pregnant was shown to cause..

A

Phocomelia: limb defects
External ear defects
Visceral anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the mechanisms of teratogenesis?

A 
Cytotoxicity 
Directly interact w/ DNA 
Affect angiogenesis 
Inhibit enzymes important for organ development 
Nutrient & vitamin deficiencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Exposure to cabamazepine while pregnant can cause…

A

1% risk of NTDs

Similar effects to phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Exposure to phenytoin while pregnant can cause…

A 
Microcephaly
Webbed neck
Short nose
Malformed ears 
Crossed eyes
Wide mouth
Cleft lip/palate
Underdeveloped fingers/toes/nails 
Digitalized toes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Exposure to valproate while pregnant can cause…

A

NTDs

Small mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exposure to isotretinoin while pregnant can cause..

A

External ear defects/absence
Congenital heart defects
Hydrocephalus
Miscarriage in 40%

1. Pharm II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions