Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Pharm II > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of fasting blood sugar?

A

Measure the effectiveness of basal insulin or agents that decrease gluconeogenesis overnight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the purpose of premeal blood sugar?

A

To calculate bolus dose or agents given to improve insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of postmeal blood sugar (2hr post prandial)?

A

Measure the effectiveness of bolus or agents given to increase insulin

Determines needed food changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of bedtime blood sugar?

A

To avoid early AM lows from insulin or oral agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a glucose meter? What does it do?

A

An experimental tool

Determines patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who should receive high vs moderate intensity statin?

A

Moderate: > 40yo w/ no CV RFs

High: Anyone w/ CV RFs (all ages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 meds are “high intensity” statins?

A

Atorvastatin

Rosuvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are A1c recommendations according to ADA vs AACE/ACE? Which is more stringent?

A

ADA = < 7.0%

AACE/ACE = ≤ 6.5% (more stringent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the hypoglycemia alert value?

A

≤ 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What value is considered clinically significant hypoglycemia?

A

< 54

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If hypoglycemia occurs, what should the pt do?

A

Consume 15g of simple carbs:

  • OJ, milk OR
  • 4 glucose tabs OR
  • 1 tube glucose gel

Retest BG 15 mins later

If BG < 70, repeat rule of 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What slows the absorption of sugar?

A

Fat!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are sx of hypoglycemia?

A 
Shaking
Sweating 
Fast HR
Impaired vision
Weakness, fatigue
HA, irritable, anxious, dizzy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are sx of hyperglycemia?

A 
Thirst
Frequent urination
Dry skin
Blurred vision
Drowsiness
Nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 2 things can cause BG to rise quickly?

A

Infections

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What med class decreases glucose absorption?

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What 2 meds decrease glucose production?

A

metformin & insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What med class increases glucose secretion?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 4 med classes increase insulin secretion?

A

Sulphonylureas
Meglitinides
GLP1 activators
DPP4 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What % of A1c should you consider dual therapy?

A

A1c > 9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What % of A1c should you consider combination injectable therapy?

A

A1c > 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How often should you monitor A1c?

A

Every 3-6 mos

23
Q

What are 5 major concerns when initiating hyperglycemic tx?

A 
Hypoglycemia 
Wt change
CV effects
Renal adjustments
FDA warnings
24
Q

What are ADEs of metformin?

A

GI sx

B12 deficiency

25
Q

What is the black box warning for SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Risk of amputation

26
Q

What are other risks associated w/ SGLT2 inhibitors?

A 
Bone fx
DKA
GU infections
Volume depletion, hypotension
Increased LDL
27
Q

What is the black box warning for GLP1 activators?

A

Risk of thyroid c-cell tumors

28
Q

What are other ADEs of GLP1 activators?

A

GI sx
Injection site reactions
? Acute pancreatitis

29
Q

What are ADEs of DPP4 inhibitors?

A

Acute pancreatitis
Joint pain

Rare: urticaria, facial edema, Steven Johnson syndrome

30
Q

What is the black box warning for thiazolidinediones?

A

CHF

31
Q

What are other ADEs of thiazolidinediones?

A 
Fluid retention 
Fat accumulation
Bone fx
Bladder CA
Increased LDL
32
Q

What is the FDA special warning for sulfonylureas?

A

Increased risk of CV mortality based on studies of tolbutamide

33
Q

What is an ADE of insulin?

A

Injection site reactions

34
Q

What 2 drugs are known to be weight-neutral?

A

Metformin

DPP4 inhibitors

35
Q

What 2 drugs cause wt loss?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

GPP1 activators

36
Q

Which sulfonylurea should not be used?

A

Glyburide

37
Q

Which GLP1 agonist shows benefit in reducing CV mortality?

A

Liraglutide

38
Q

Metformin enhances insulin sensitivity in….

A

hepatic & peripheral tissues

39
Q

TZDs enhance insulin sensitivity in….

A

muscle, liver, & fat

40
Q

Which TZD can potentially decrease TGs?

A

Pioglitazone

41
Q

What drugs have increased risk of hypoglycemia?

A

Insulin
Sulfonylureas
Metaglinides

42
Q

What drugs cause wt gain?

A

Insulin
TZDs
Sulfonylureas
Metaglinides

43
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors + diuretics can cause….

A

Orthostatic hypotension

Electrolyte abnormalities

44
Q

What are 4 ADEs of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Flatulence
Bloating
Abd discomfort
Diarrhea

45
Q

What drug class can potentially reduce LDL levels by 12-16%?

A

Bile acid sequestrants

ex. Colesevelam

46
Q

How should bromocriptine be administered?

A

Daily w/ food within 2hrs of waking from sleep

*If morning administration is missed, then skip the dose!

47
Q

How many units of insulin should you start w/?

A

10U/day OR .1-.2U/kg/day

48
Q

How should you adjust one’s dose of insulin?

A

Increase 10-15% or 2-4U once or twice weekly until FBG goal met

49
Q

Reduction in caloric intake helps w/ _______, whereas exercise helps w/ ______

A

Wt loss

Wt maintenance

50
Q

What are ADEs of phentermine (short-term tx for obesity)?

A 
HA 
Elevated BP &amp; HR
Insomnia
Dry mouth 
Constipation
Anxiety, palpitations
51
Q

What are the ADEs of orlistat (lipase inhibitor, long-term tx for obesity) ?

A 
Abd pain/discomfort
Oily spotting/stool
Fecal urgency 
Flatulence
Malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins &amp; meds
52
Q

What is the dawn phenomenon?

A

Surge of hormones produced daily by the body, hours before waking

53
Q

When is the somogyi effect most likely to occur?

A

Following an episode of untreated nighttime hypoglycemia –> high blood sugar in AM

54
Q

How do you correct the somogyi effect?

A

Check glucose in the middle of the night

Increase food intake or lower insulin in PM

1. Pharm II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions