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Embryology > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Renal damage

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2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity

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4
Q

Antiepileptic drugs

A

Neural tube defects, cardiac defects, cleft palate, skeletal abnormalities (eg phalanx/nail hpoplasia, facial dysmorphism)

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5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenitalMullerian anomalies

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6
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Neural tube defects

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7
Q

Isotretinoin

A

Multiple severe birth defects

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8
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve)

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9
Q

Methimazole

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

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10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

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11
Q

Thalidomide

A

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia - “flipper limbs”)

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12
Q

Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

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13
Q

Alcohol

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

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14
Q

Cocaine

A 
low birth weight
preterm birth
IUGR
placental abruption
Note: due to vasoconstriction
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15
Q

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

A

Low birth weight (leading cause in developed countries)
Preterm labor
Placental problems
IUGR
SIDS
ADHD
Note: due to vasoconstriction (nicotine) and impaired oxygen delivery (CO)

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16
Q

Iodine

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

17
Q

Maternal diabetes

A

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
Congenital heart defects (VSD, transposition of the great vessels)
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Polycythemia

18
Q

Methylmercury

A

Neurotoxicity

Note: highest in swordfish, shark, tilefish, king mackerel

19
Q

Vitamin A excess

A

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac)

20
Q

X-rays

A

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

Embryology (4 decks)

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