teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

renal damage

Question 2

alkylating agents

Answer 2

absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

carbamazepines

Answer 4

neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, development delay, Intrautuerine growth restriction

Question 5

diethlystilbestrol (DES)

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell adenocariconma, congenital mullerian anomolaies

Question 6

folate antagonists

Answer 6

neural tube defects

Question 7

lithium

Answer 7

ebstein anomal (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 8

methimazole

Answer 8

aplasia cutis congenita

Question 9

phenytoin

Answer 9

-fetal hydration syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, intrauterine growth restriction, intellectual disability

Question 10

tetracyclines

Answer 10

discolored teeth

Question 11

thalidomide

Answer 11

lib defects:

phocomelia, micromelia (flipper limbs)

Question 12

valproate

Answer 12

inhibiton of maternal folate absorption–> neural tube defects

Question 13

warfarin

Answer 13

bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities

Question 14

alcohol

Answer 14

common cause of birth defects and intellectual disability, fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 15

cocaine

Answer 15

abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction; placental abruption

Question 16

smoking (nicotine and CO)

Answer 16

• leading cause of low birth weight
• assoc. w/ preterm labor, placental problems
• intrauterine growth restriction
• ADHD

Question 17

iodine (lack or excess)

Answer 17

congenital goit or hypothyroidism ( cretinism)

Question 18

maternal diabetes

Answer 18

caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)

• congenital heart defects (transposition of great vessels)
• neural tube defects

Question 19

vitamin A excess

Answer 19

extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects ( cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Question 20

xrays

Answer 20

microcephaly, intellectual disability

Question 21

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 21

• intellectual disability
• pre-post natal development retardation
• microcephaly
• holoprosencephaly (prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo) fails to develop into two hemispheres)
• facial abnormalities (smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, hypertelorism-increased distance between eyes)
• limb dislocation
• heart defects