Tepper lecture 2

Question 1

FOP symbol system

Answer 1

System in which the front of the package contains a label listing all of the nutrients of concern and their amounts(sodium, fat, sugar, etc.) Food products are chosen based on how they are scored on a scale of 0-3. If they are given 1-3 points they are meet elgibility requirements.

Question 2

Grocery manufacturers of America Label

Answer 2

Label depicts the number of nutrients of concern and nutrients that are in demand on top of the package and have a lower DV threshold for stating that the nutrients of demand are high.

Question 3

Dietary supplement regulations

Answer 3

Manufacturers need to

1) make sure the supplement is safe
2) make sure the supplement contains all the ingredients as listed

Question 4

Supplements with sideffects:

Answer 4

Many supplements like Ginko and vitamin E can act as anticoagulants and interact with the effects of many medications and cause effects like internal bleeding.

Question 5

What is the energy in food measured by?

Answer 5

kilocalorie equal to the amount of energy required to rase a gram of water by one degree

Question 6

Where does food energy come from?

Answer 6

• proteins
• carbs
• fats
• alchols

Question 7

describe a bomb caloriemeter works?

Answer 7

Food is placed in a chamber surrounded by water and ignited with fire. The water around the food is heated to a certain temperature in response to calorie release.

Question 8

why doesn’t the energy absorbed by the human body match up with that of a bomb caloriemeter?

Answer 8

Because not all nutrients are absorbed by the gut, some energy is used up during digestion, and some nutrients are not completly broken down.

Question 9

Describe the process of direct caloriemetry?

Answer 9

A person is placed into a chamber surrounded by water. O2 is pumped into the room and Co2 is released in a 1:1 ratio. Carbohydrates make up 100 percent of the amount of Co2 released from the room, while fat make up 70 percent, and proteins make up 80 percent of the c02 released from the room.

Question 10

What are the major components of energy expenditure»>main activities that burn calories in the body?

• Basal metabolism
• physical activity
• thermal effect of food

Answer 10

Basal Metabolism: Natural biological processes that occur in the body which naturally burn calories and are larger in those with higher lean body mass.

Physical activity-

Thermal effect of food: consumtion of food causes basal metabolism to rise making the body warmer

Question 11

How do calculate the amount of energy required for people in a day?

Answer 11

Amount of calories released by basal metabolism multiplied the amount of additional energy spent depending upon whether it was a sendentary or active day.

REE(males/females) (amt. of energy on a sedentary or active day)

Question 12

Factors that affect basal metabolic rate?

• fever
• hormone
• gender
• aging
• pregancy
• temp
• as time goes on

Answer 12

• fever-
• hormones-low thyroid»> basal metabolism increases
• gender-males more than females
• aging-decreases as you get older
• pregnancy-increases to help the baby
• temp.-exposed to colder temperatures you will shiver more causing basal metabolism in the body to increase

Question 13

dual energy x-ray absorbometry-
Anthnopometry-
Biological impendence-

Answer 13

Dual energy X-ray absorbometry- can show soft tissue which shows how much body mass is present in the body.

Anthnometry- Pinches fat, and equations are used to calculate body fat

Biological impendence- electrical current is sent through your body is impeded by fat and the amount of impendence can be calculated to demonstrate the amount of fat in the body.

Body mass index: circumference around the waist and hip which predicts the amount of fat in the body.

Underwater weighing-More water is displaced by individuals with less fat than people with more fat.