Teori3 Flashcards
What is true regarding reverse logistics and closed loop supply chains?
Efficient management of reverse flows often requires broad collaborations along the supply chain and also between competitors.
What is true (in general) when it comes to reclamation cost?
Reuse is considered with a low cost.
What is true (in general) regarding a sorting function in reverse logistics?
Competence and knowledge of the market is required. A. The closer to the consumer, the higher quality of returns.
What is true regarding reverse logistics and closed loop supply chains?
Closed Loop Supply Chains (CLSC) are frequently used to gain competitive advantages.
What are the five areas that drive packaging design according to Azzi et al. (2012)?
Safety: This aspect ensures the preservation of both the packaging and its contents during transportation and storage. It also addresses potential hazards to human health and ecosystems due to dangerous contents or materials used in packaging. This involves testing for environmental and physical factors, such as temperature, humidity, and vibrations, to ensure product integrity.
Ergonomics: Packaging design for ergonomics aims to enhance the ease of handling and usage for workers and consumers. It considers factors like weight, dimensions, and manual handling needs to reduce strain and improve productivity. Standards and best practices guide designers in creating user-friendly and safe packaging.
Sustainability: Sustainability in packaging focuses on minimizing environmental impact through the use of lightweight materials, recyclable content, and sustainable designs. It incorporates the “triple bottom line” approach, addressing environmental, economic, and social sustainability goals.
Logistics: This aspect integrates packaging with supply chain efficiency. It considers handling, storage, transportation, and inventory management to reduce costs and optimize performance. Packaging must align with logistical processes and requirements.
Marketing and Communication: Packaging acts as a marketing tool, influencing consumer behavior by enhancing product visibility, brand recognition, and consumer perception. Effective packaging design communicates product attributes and engages consumers at the point of sale, often determining purchasing decisions.
How does the product itself affect the (a) packaging and (b) distribution and transportation?
Different characteristics of the product affect the choice of packaging and transportation mode. There are also different levels of packaging (primary, secondary, and tertiary). For example, furniture vs. dairy products.
What does multimodal transport mean? What are the usual steps when using it?
- Transportation that combines several types of transports
- Uses the type of transport most efficient for each part of the total transported
distance - Efficient transitions between types of transports = efficient work at terminal
- Unit carriers (pallets or container)
- Usually made in three steps:
1. Unload inbound goods
2. Inspect goods and sort
3. Reload goods and send off
What are the potential benefits of multimodal transport and what type of products can be most benefited from it?
Potential benefits of time saving, money saving, and customer satisfaction. Can be useful for non-perishable products but can demand investment in terminal
Name, and explain, three approaches in cross-docking. What is required to ensure reliability of delivery to the customer?
Trans-shipment:
The order received is already packaged for delivery to the customer
Flow-through:
Some sortation or break bulk is needed when the order is received
Merge-in-transit:
Current inventory in storage at the DC is added to the incoming order
According to Pålsson and Hellström (2016), there are different packaging levels. What are the different packaging levels, what is the role of each, and what are the most important packaging criteria for each of these levels and for the entire supply chain?
PRIMARY PACKAGING
Role:
Closest to the product, often serving as consumer or sales packaging. It protects the product, provides convenience, and communicates product information to the consumer.
Key Criteria:
- Product Protection: Prevents damage to the product.
- Right Amount and Size: Matches consumer needs and turnover rates.
- Product Information: Ensures clarity for customers, including labels and instructions.
SECONDARY PACKAGING
Role:
Groups primary packages for easier handling and transportation, typically used in retail and logistics.
Key Criteria:
- Product Protection: Safeguards grouped items during transit.
- Volume and Weight Efficiency: Optimizes space utilization and reduces handling weight.
- Handleability: Facilitates easy handling in distribution and retail environments.
TERTIARY PACKAGING
Role:
Used for bulk transportation and storage, such as pallets or containers, ensuring stability and protection during transit.
Key Criteria:
- Stackability: Ensures efficient storage and transit.
- Product Protection: Maintains product integrity during long-distance transport.
- Right Amount and Size: Conforms to logistics requirements for space efficiency.
Criteria for the Entire Supply Chain
- Product Protection: Central to all levels, ensuring minimal damage throughout the supply chain.
- Volume and Weight Efficiency: Impacts transportation and storage costs across levels.
- Handleability: Affects operational efficiency for all supply chain actors.
What is the role of products in packaging? Explain and provide examples, while comparing at least two different products that results in different packaging requirements.
The product characteristics influence the choice of packaging. For example, furniture requires robust packaging while dairy products need specific temperature-controlled packaging.
How should packaging be integrated into the supply chain to achieve the best outcome, that is, what areas/aspects should be considered or improved?
To integrate packaging effectively into the supply chain, companies should adopt a holistic approach that considers all levels of the packaging system and their interactions. Key areas for improvement include collaboration among supply chain actors, addressing trade-offs between competing requirements (e.g., protection vs. cost), and ensuring that logistics and environmental efficiency are prioritized alongside economic considerations. Decision-making should be guided by tools like the packaging scorecard and involve cost and benefit-sharing models to align incentives and improve overall supply chain performance.
What does urbanization mean, including its positive and negative aspects, and what are the relationships between urbanization and facility location?
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas. It has positive effects such as economic growth and innovation and negative ones like pollution and congestion. Facility locations need to be optimized for the urban environment.
Planning a system can be done on three different horizon levels. What are these levels, generally for how long are they planned, and how often do they need to be reviewed? Give an example for each of the levels.
- Strategic: long-term (3-5 years or more)
- Reviewed annually/bi-annually and set broad goals (high level of details)
- Tactical: mid-term (1-2 years)
- Reviewed quarterly or semi-annually and sets specific objectives
(detailed planning) - Operational: short-term (daily to 1 year)
- Reviewed daily or weekly and sets granular tasks (very specific and
detailed planning)
Consider main processes across a supply chain and different planning horizon levels. Give four examples and clearly indicate to which process and planning level it belongs.
Strategic Network Planning - Strategic - All
Demand planning - Tactical - Sales
Scheduling & Sequencing - Operational - Production
Transport planning - Operational - Distribution
