Tenta 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Question 1.

Explain the following concepts:

Population strategy
High-risk strategy

A

En befolkningsstrategi handlar om större grupper eller befolkningar. Dessa inriktar sig på större befolkningsgrupper utan att se till fördelningen av risker bland individerna i den.

En högrisksstrategi inriktar sig på ett mindre antal individer i en befolkning som uppvisar speciella egenskaper, tex ökad risk för en viss sjukdom.

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2
Q

Question 2.

The concept of population strategy and high-risk strategy is sometimes used in public health. Give two exanples of each strategy. (4p)

A

Befolkningsstrategi.
Ett exempel kan vara en kampanj i media om riskerna med sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar och hur man förebygga det. Ett annat kan vara en kampanj som arbetar för att alla bör ta en promenad under sin lunchrast.

Högrisksstrategi.
Två exempel kan vara att ge kostråd till individer med höga blodfetter eller att arbeta för rökstopp.

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3
Q

Question 3.

The term Relative Risk (RR) is important in epidemiology. In a dcientific article you read that the relative risk for occupational stress is 0,85 for group A compared to group B.
Which of the following alternative is correct?

Group A has 85 % lower risk for occupational stress than group B.

Group A has 15 % lower risk for occupational stress than group B.

Group A has 15 % higher risk for occupational stress than group B.

Group A has 85 % higher risk for occupational stress than group B.

A

Group A has 15 % lower risk for occupational stress than group B.

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4
Q

Question 4.

Relative Risk (RR). Explain the following measurements:

RR 1
RR 1,5
RR 0,6

A

RR 1 innebär att det inte ä någon skillnad mellan grupper.

RR 1,5 betyder att grupp 1 har 50 % större risk än grupp 2.

RR 0,6 betyder att grupp 1 har 40 % lägre risk än grupp 2.

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5
Q

Question 5.

Whst term is often used to describe inequalities in health between different groups in society?

  • The social determinants of health.
  • The social gradient in health.
  • The staircase of health.
A

The social gradient in health.

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6
Q

Question 6.

Socio-economic status is usually defined by:

True or false

Age
Number of children
Income
Occupation

A

Age - false
Number of children - true
Income - true
Occupation - true

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7
Q

Question 7.

The picture Gap-minder regarding Health and income of nations 2015. Ther is an association between income and health. Ther is a difference in life expectancy between Marocco and Angola of about 15 years.

Discuss possible reasons for differences in life expectancy between countries with the same income level.

A

Detta kan handla om stora klasskillnader i landet, där en väldigt liten andel av befolkningen med en hög socioekonomisk status erhåller stor ekonomisk tillgång. Länder med lägre inkomst kan fortfarande ha en befolkning med bra levnadsvanor. Detta kan bero på samhällsbaserade hälsostrategier, tillgång till rent vatten och utbildning.

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8
Q

Question 8.

When discussing intersectionality, there are different factors that may affect our power position in society. Choose whether or not these factors are relevant for an individuals power position in society.

Body length
Wesring glasses
Spirituality
Age
Length of hair
If you walk or go by car to work
Gender
Ethnicity

A

Body length - yes
Wesring glasses - yes
Spirituality - no
Age - no
Length of hair - no
If you walk or go by car to work - yes
Gender - yes
Ethnicity - yes

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9
Q

Question 9.

In 2018, 15 % of the women and 16 % of the men aged 16-84 years are obese.

Which epidemiological term could be used to bescribe the text?

Relative risk
Incidence
Prevalence

A

Prevalence

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10
Q

Question 10.

Research in epidemiology often use different kind of observstional study designs. When interpreting the results, it is important to consider the possible risk of confounding. Explain the term confounding.

A

Confounding innebär att en annan faktor än den man vill studera förklarar de samband man hittar.
Ex. Om man i en studie upptäckt att hög alkoholkonsumtion är kopplat till lungcancer får man komma ihåg att det finns en nära relation mellan alkoholintag och rökning, och att det är rökningen som är förklaringen och inte alkoholen.

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