Tenta 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define how palliative care is described (3p)

A

Palliativ vård är ett förhållningssätt för bästa möjliga livskvalitet i samband med livshotande sjukdom. Palliativ vård förebygger och lindrar lidande genom att tidigt upptäcka, bedöma och behandla smärta och andra plågsamma symtom.

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2
Q

Give 3 examples of patients who benefit from palliative care (1,5p)

A
  1. Patienter med olika typer av maligna tumörer som bildat metastaser.
  2. Patienter i sena stadier av hjärtsvikt.
  3. Patienter med långt framskriden ALS där fokus ligger på att lindra symptom.
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3
Q

The four cornerstones (hörnstenar) of palliative care are…..? (4p)

A

Symptomlindring
Teamarbete
Kommunikation
Närståendestöd

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4
Q

The physiology of dying
Describe 4 signs that death has occurred. (2p

A

Ingen palpabel puls.
Inga hörbara hjärtljud vid auskultation.
Ingen spontanandning.
Ljusstela, oftast vida, pupiller.

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5
Q

Symptoms and symptoms relief
Describe 2 usual pain behaviors at the end of life. (2p)

A
  • Nociceptiv smärta - Smärta i skelettet, mjuk vävnad samt tarmen.
  • Neuropatisk smärta - Smärta på grund av skada eller tryck på nerver.
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6
Q

Symptoms and signs
What can you observe regarding (gällande) the elimination of a dying person? (1p)
Select one or more options:

  • Loss control of urine and feaces
  • Reduce amount of urine
  • There is blood in the urine
  • The urine becomes lighter
A
  • Loss control of urine and feaces
  • Reduce amount of urine
  • There is blood in the urine
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7
Q

Symptoms and signs
What is the difference between symptoms and signs of a dying person? (2p)

A

Den stora skillnaden är att symtomen är en subjektiv upplevelse, som handlar om patientens upplevelse, medan ett tecken är ett objektivt bevis på sjukdom eller skada.

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8
Q

Total pain
Zara is 59 years old. She suffers from breast cancer with skeletal metastases. When she got the diagnosis it was already spreed in her body. She has got chemotherapy treatments but they were not successful. She is staying at a hospice in her hometown. She has two adult children, two boys but no partner since five years.
Zara has been working as a socialworker since she was 25 years old. She has met so many people in socially vulnerable situations over the years. Zara think its very hard to be the one who needs to ask for help now. Her condition is getting worse now. Zara has much pain all over her body. She is nauseous and has difficulty
chewing and swallowing due to a fungal infection in her mouth. She has no appetite at all. Her boys want to visit her every day but Zara think its too painful to see her boys so sad. She has told them only to visit her once a week. Zara cries alot. Not knowing how to cope with this situation.

What can You as a nurse do to relieve the pain Zara has regarding total pain?

Describe each part and what you can do to relieve the pain for Zara. (8p)

Describe the first - fourth dimension of Total pain and 2 possible suggestions (förslag) of each actions.

A
  1. Den fysiska dimensionen:
    Innebär oftast symptomlindring pga smärta och obehag - exempelvis ge smärtlindring (morfin) samt läkemedel mot svampinfektionen, distraktion mm.
  2. Den psykiska dimensionen:
    Innebär ofta ångest, rädsla och skuld - sinnesinställning.
    Här är teamarbetet viktigt för att kunna bemöta patientens olika aspekter av psykiskt välmående. Här bör ex en psykolog och/eller terapeut kopplas in.
  3. Den sociala dimensionen:
    Obehag orsakas av tankar på skada, smärta eller ångest för familj.
    Det är därför viktigt att vårdteam och familj inkluderas i vården. I detta fallet bör rimligen hennes barn sammankopplas med kurator så att de kan hantera situationen bättre. Detsamma gäller Zara.
  4. Den existentiella dimensionen:
    Detta innefattar aspekter såsom mening, hopp, relationer och förlåtelse .
    Det är viktigt att tillgodose ett lugn i Zaras rum. Hon bör även få frågan om hon vill prata med en sjukhuspräst.
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9
Q

The Swedish palliative register
In The Swedish palliative register you can read about…..? (1p)
Select one alternative:

  • The caretakers notes how the care has been for a patient at the end of life
  • Relatives experiences of death
  • The caretakers notes how a patient has experienced the care in the palliative fas
  • The cornestones of palliative care
A
  • The caretakers notes how the care has been for a patient at the end of life
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10
Q

Talking about death
Give 2 examples of positive and negative copingstrategies (4p)

A

Positiva:
- Positiv omvärdering av situationen.
- Problemlösningsfokuserad.
- Behålla lugnet.

Negativa:
- Passivitet.
- Att beskylla någon annan.
- Förnekelse av patientens lbehov.

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11
Q

Existentialism
Existential thoughts are?
Select one alternative:

Thoughts about what to do tomorrow
Thoughts about how to cope with the pain
Thoughts about the meaning of life
Thoughts about how to be able to go to the toilet by my self

A

Thoughts about the meaning of life

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12
Q

Existential crisis
Give 2 example of existential questions. (2p)

A

Vad händer efter att jag dör?
Vad har varit meningen med mitt liv?

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