Tension and conflict in economic, environmental and politial spheres

Question 1

Does the Arctic have a treaty

Answer 1

The Arctic does not have a comprehensive treaty – the Arctic Council is a political discussion forum.

Question 2

International law states that states have sovereignty [BLANK] nautical miles from their coastline (Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ).​

Answer 2

200

Question 3

A state may lay a further claim to the seabed up to a maximum of 150 nautical miles beyond it’s EEZ if they can prove the seabed belongs what?

Answer 3

to the country’s extended continental shelf.​

Question 4

Russian Scientists planted Russian flag on the [WHAT] ridge, claiming it belongs to them. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea will review this – it will take how many years?

Answer 4

[Lomonosov]

10 Years

Question 5

In 2008 it was estimated that 90 billion barrels of undiscovered oil and 1670 cubic feet or natural gas are in the Arctic. This is [WHAT] of world’s technically recoverable resources.​

Answer 5

22%

Question 6

Most of the world’s fuels are unburnable if we wish to meet the UN…

Answer 6

…2°C target​

Question 7

Oil exploitation is dictated by two dynamics:

Answer 7

expense of operating in harsh conditions, the fluctuating price of oil.​

Question 8

The North Sea Route (NSR) and North West Passage (NWP) are alternative transport routes which could reduce up to…

Answer 8

…40% from transport costs. These are becoming increasingly accessible due to melting ice.​

Question 9

Canada is investing [WHAT] on Arctic defence. Denmark is also investing in it’s Arctic command.​

Answer 9

$2.5 billion

Question 10

Russia has upgraded it’s naval forces and reopened…

Answer 10

… Soviet army bases along the northern coastline. ​

Question 11

What three states involved in the Arctic sovereignty debate have nuclear weapons

Answer 11

(Russia, USA, EU).​

Question 12

The number of ‘scientific’ expeditions to the Arctic has increased over the last how many years.​

Answer 12

20