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Spanish Grammar and Usage > Tense Practice > Flashcards

Tense Practice Flashcards

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1
Q

It rains a lot in Ireland

A

Llueve mucho en Irlanda

Present tense to indicate timeless or habitual events that still
occur

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2
Q

I smoke more than sixty a day

A

Fumo más de sesenta al día

Present tense to indicate timeless or habitual events that still
occur

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3
Q

Maria’s Venezuelan

A

María es venezolana

Present tense to indicate timeless or habitual events that still
occur

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4
Q

Sea-gulls eat fish

A

Las gaviotas comen peces

Present tense to indicate timeless or habitual events that still
occur

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5
Q

I don’t have a credit card

A

No tengo tarjeta de crédito

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6
Q

Eating on my own depresses me

A

Me deprime comer sola

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7
Q

Those who are believers have that
consolation

A

Los que son creyentes tienen ese consuelo

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8
Q

Why are you so sad?

A

Por qué estás tan triste?

state rather than action, therefore present, not continuous

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9
Q

. It’s cold

A

Hace frío

state not action, present, not continuous

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10
Q

She seems tired

A

Parece cansada

state, not action, present

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11
Q

Isn’t the moon bright!

A

Cómo brilla la luna

state not action, therefore present

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12
Q

She’s wearing a suit today

A

Hoy lleva traje de chaqueta

state rather than action, present

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13
Q

We acknowledge receipt of your letter of
January 3

A

Acusamos recibo de su carta del 3 de enero

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14
Q

It sounds unnatural to me

A

A mí me suena poco natural

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15
Q

The opposition considers a maneuvre, the
liberalization policy announced by the
regime

A

La oposición considera una maniobra el aperturismo anunciado por el régimen

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16
Q

Why are you getting involved in that
business?

A

Por qué te metes en ese asunto?

present because finite

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17
Q

what did you say?

A

Qué dices?

present, not an action

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18
Q

Can’t you hear the dogs?

A

No oyes los perros?

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19
Q

I’m drowning!

A

Que me ahogo!

present, unlikely that this person would be saying that they are mid process in drowning

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20
Q

I’m coming

A

Ya voy!

is about to happen, not in process

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21
Q

Wait while I put this in the oven

A

Espérate que meto esto en el horno

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22
Q

Merino passes the ball to Andreas

A

Merino pasa la pelota a Andreas

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23
Q

Shall I bring it for you?

A

Te lo traigo yo?

Present is used for permission

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24
Q

Shall I write to our grandparents to tell
them?

A

Escribo a los abuelos para decírselo?

present for permission

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25
Q

Shall I ring to see whether he’s come?

A

Llamo para ver si ha venido?

permission uses present

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26
Q

I was head of department (then stopped)

A

Yo fui jefe de departamento

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27
Q

‘I was head of department’ (at the time and may still be).

A

Yo era jefe de departamento

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28
Q

We had to cross two deserts to get to the oasis (and
we did)

A

Tuvimos que atravesar dos desiertos para llegar al oasis

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29
Q

We had (still) to cross two deserts to get to the oasis’.

A

Teníamos que atravesar dos desiertos para llegar al oasis

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30
Q

Yesterday I walked more than fifteen
kilometers

A

Ayer anduve más de quince kilómetros

preterite because completed (yday)

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31
Q

It was a mistake not to return the money
to him (we didn’t)

A

Fue un error no devolverle el dinero

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32
Q

The party was a success

A

La fiesta fue un éxito

party is over

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33
Q

First I was a carpenter, then I was a taxi
driver and then I was a lion tamer

A

Primero fui carpintero, después fui taxista, y
después fui domador de leones

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34
Q

I had measles when I was a child

A

Tuve el sarampión cuando era pequeño

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35
Q

When the coffee was ready she handed
him a small cup

A

Cuando el café estuvo listo Ie alcanzó una
tacita

the preterite may show that an event or process has reached completion

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36
Q

the girl advanced towards him, and when she reached his side, said to him. . .

A

La chica avanzó hacia él, y cuando estuvo a su lado le dijo

preterite may show that a process or event has reached completion

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37
Q

the conversation gradually petered out

A

La conversación se fue espaciando

preterite may show that a process or event has reached completion

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38
Q

My daughter was talking by eleven months

My daughter (started) talking at eleven months (using tense)

A

Mi hija hablaba a los once meses (imperfect, she is still talking)

Mi hija habló a los once meses
preterite to indicate the beginning of an action (inchoate), her beginning of this has ended

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39
Q

I was posted in Bilbao for two years

A

Estuve destinado en Bilbao dos años

preterite for a finite period of time

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40
Q

You’re forgetting the time you were
married

A

Te olvidas del tiempo que estuviste casado

preterite for a defined period of time

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41
Q

The dinosaurs reigned on Earth for
millions of years

A

Los dinosaurios reinaron sobre la tierra
durante millones de años

finite period therefore preterite

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42
Q

For years we could talk of nothing else

A

Durante años no pudimos hablar de otra cosa

finite period, preterite

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43
Q

As far as I’ve heard, I’ve known of two
cases in the whole of my life

A

Que yo haya oído, en toda mi vida supe de
dos casos

finite, preterite

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44
Q

‘He always used to sleep as his father (had) slept, with his gun hidden in
his pillowcas

A

Siempre dormía como durmió
su padre, con el arma escondida dentro de la funda de la almohada

preterite as the implied finite period is the lifespan

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45
Q

I always sought to have a good time

A

Siempre procuré pasarlo bien

implied finite period of the life span, preterite

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46
Q

‘I never really liked that man

A

Nunca me hizo gracia ese hombre

implied finite period of the life span, preterite

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47
Q

Every summer they spent their holidays/vacation in San
Sebastian

A

Todos los veranos veraneaban en San Sebastián

time is habitual, therefore imperfect is used

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48
Q

‘He watered the garden every morning

A

Todas las mañanas regaba el jardín

habitual time, imperfect

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49
Q

When I was little I saw him pass
nearly every day

A

Cuando yo era pequeño yo le veía pasar casi todos los días

habitual time, imperfect

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50
Q

That week he rose at seven, and breakfasted at eight

A

Aquella semana se levantaba/levantó a las siete, y desayunaba/desayunó a las ocho

period is specified but action is repeated and disconnected, either preterite or imperfect is possible (latter more common)

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51
Q

Last summer she went out with him every day

A

El verano pasado salía/salió todos los días con
él

specified time period, actions are repeated and discontinuous, either form is possible, imperfect most usual

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52
Q

‘He worked hard that year

A

Aquel año trabajaba/trabajó mucho

specified time period, action repeated and disconnected, either imperfect or preterite permitted

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53
Q

what is the meaning change of tener in the imperfect and preterite

A

preterite means to receive/to get
Imperfect means ‘had’ ‘was in my possession’

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54
Q

II got the impression that . . .

A

Tuve la impresión de que

preterite as the meaning is ‘receive’

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55
Q

I had the impression that . . .

A

Tenía la impresión de que

imperfect because the meaning is ‘had’

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56
Q

I got a letter

A

Tuve una carta

(preterite because the meaning is ‘receive’

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57
Q

When he got the chance to study, he
graduated as an engineer from the Open
University

A

Cuando tuvo ocasión de estudiar consiguío
con la universidad a distancia el título de
ingeniero

preterite because ‘receive’

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58
Q

what is the difference in meaning between preterite and imperfect of ‘meet’

A

conocer

Preterite - to meet for the first time

Imperfect - to be acquainted with

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59
Q

I met Antonia (for the first time)

A

Conocí a Antonia

preterite for the first time

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60
Q

I knew Antonia

A

Conocía a Antonia

imperfect to mean acquainted with

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61
Q

I got up and drew the curtains. It was a splendid day

A

Me levanté y descorrí las cortinas. Hacía un día espléndido

first two preterite as they are finite. Hacer is imperfect because it is the backdrop

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62
Q

Since the sky was clear we went to the
beach

A

Como el cielo estaba despejado fuimos a la playa

éstar is imperfect because its the background, ir is preterite because it is finite

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63
Q

I was coming back from the cinema when I saw Niso

A

Yo volvía del cine cuando vi a Niso

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64
Q

The monuments and statues that
adorned the avenues and squares were
pulverized

A

Los monumentos y estatuas que adornaban
los paseos y las plazas fueron triturados

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65
Q

I went back to the living room, but he was no longer there

A

Volví a la sala, pero él ya no estaba

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66
Q

Matias was a tall, bald, slightly roundshouldered man

A

Matías era un hombre aito, calvo y un poco
cargado de hombros

unspecified period, imperfect

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67
Q

These Mexican meals lasting four or five
hours exasperated him

A

Le exasperaban estas comidas mexicanas de cuatro o cinco horas de duración

imperfect, unspecified time

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68
Q

Dona Amalia, on the other hand, was
overweight, and refused to recognise
that greed was a worse sin

A

Doña Amalia, por otra parte, era obesa,
y se negaba a reconocer que la gula era
peor pecado

imperfect because unspecified

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69
Q

I was just leaving when you rang

A

Me marchaba ya cuando has llamado

imperfect expresses events felt to have already begun at the time of the completed event.

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70
Q

I was talking to the neighbours when the
firemen came

A

Yo hablaba con los vecinos cuando llegaron los bomberos

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71
Q

What would you like?

A

Qué deseaba?

imperfect for polite requests

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72
Q

Excuse me, I’d like a word with the
manager

A

Perdone, quería hablar con el director

imperfect for polite requests

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73
Q

it was a mistake to tell him (implication that the speaker commited the mistake)

A

Fue un error decírselo

preterite stresses direct relation between speaker and act.

74
Q

It was a mistake to tell him (we may or
may not have committed it)

A

Era un error decírselo

imperfect loosens the relationship between speaker and act, more of a generality

75
Q

The problem was difficult (but it doesn’t exist anymore)

A

EI problema fue difícil

76
Q

The problem was difficult (at the time,
and perhaps still is)

A

EI problema era difícil

77
Q

I had to talk to her (and did)

A

Tuve que hablar con ella

78
Q

I had to talk to her (and may or may not
have done)

A

Tenía que hablar con ella

79
Q

I was ill (and got better)

A

Estuve enfermo

80
Q

I was ill/sick (at the time and may or may
not still be

A

Estaba enfermo

81
Q

I went to ask (and did)

A

Fui a preguntar

82
Q

I was going to ask

A

Iba a preguntar

83
Q

He didn’t enjoy his meal (but he ate it)

A

No Ie gustó la comida

84
Q

He didn’t like his meal (and mayor may
not have gone on to eat it)

A

No Ie gustaba la comida

85
Q

I had a talk with her

A

Estuve hablando con ella

86
Q

I was (in the process of) talking to her

A

Estaba hablando con ella

87
Q

When I visited Cuba .. .

A

Cuando estuve en Cuba .. .

88
Q

When I was in Cuba .. .

A

Cuando yo estaba en Cuba

89
Q

I thought you were talking seriously

A

Creí que hablabas en serio

90
Q

I thought/used to think you talked
seriously

A

Creía que hablabas en serio

91
Q

We’ll see one another tomorrow at
the Palace for the prize-giving to Prof.
Bernstein, won’t we?

A

Nos veremos mañana en Palacio para el
premio al profesor Bernstein, no es cierto?

(provisional future, no other word makes future clear)

92
Q

If it rains the match will be postponed

A

Si llueve se aplazará el partido

(provisional future, no other word makes future clear)

93
Q

He gave me 10,000 ptas. I’ll manage with
that till next week, and then we’ll see

A

Me ha dado diez mil pesetas. Con esto tiraré
hasta la semana próxima, y luego veremos
(provisional future, no other word makes future clear)

94
Q

In the remote future the sun will go out

A

En un remoto futuro el sol se apagará

(provisional future, no other word makes future clear)

95
Q

This evening Juan and I will go/are going
to the cinema

A

Por la noche nos iremos al cine Juan y yo

(provisional future, no other word makes future clear, nos vamos possible here)

96
Q

We’ll all be bald by then

A

Para entonces todos estaremos calvos
(provisional future, no other word makes future clear)

97
Q

Tonight we’re going to the theatre

A

Esta noche vamos al teatro

(present used implying that this is certain)

98
Q

Tonight, when we’ve got everything done, we’ll going to the theatre

A

Esta noche, cuando lo tengamos todo hecho, iremos al teatro

(intervening things make future tense more natural)

99
Q

Have confidence in me. I won’t
disappoint you

A

Ten confianza en mí. No te decepcionaré.

(future used for promises, long-term ones, not prearrangements)

100
Q

They shall not pass!

A

No pasarán!

(future used for promises, long-term ones, not prearrangements)

101
Q

Today you’re Cinderella, but tomorrow you’ll be a princess

A

Hoy eres la Cenicienta, pero mañana serás una princesa

(future used for promises, long-term ones, not prearrangements)

102
Q

A true revolution will never allow crimes to go unpunished

A

Una verdadera revolución no admitirá jamás la impunidad

(future used for promises, long-term ones, not prearrangements)

103
Q

Don’t worry, I’ll give it back to you tomorrow

A

No te preocupes, te lo devuelvo
mañana

(short term promises use the present)

104
Q

You will not leave this house until I allow
you to

A

No saldrás de esta casa hasta que yo no te lo
permita

(future used for v stern demands)

105
Q

Maria’s about 20 years old

A

Maria tendrá unos veinte años

(suppositional future, expresses wonder, conjecture or incredulity)

106
Q

Did anyone ever see such nonsense?!

A

Habráse visto semejante tontería!
(suppositional future, expresses wonder, conjecture or incredulity)

107
Q

I wonder what this is

A

Qué será esto?

(suppositional future, expresses wonder, conjecture or incredulity)

108
Q

I wonder what the time is

A

Qué hora será?

(suppositional future, expresses wonder, conjecture or incredulity)

109
Q

Where’s your purse?’ ‘I must have left it at home

A

Dónde está tu monedero?
Me lo habré dejado en casa

(suppositional future, expresses wonder, conjecture or incredulity)

110
Q

I wonder what she’s up to

A

Qué estará tramando ella?

(suppositional future, expresses wonder, conjecture or incredulity)

111
Q

the train’s leaving tomorrow at 7

A

El tren sale mañana a las siete

present because departure is scheduled

112
Q

We’re going to Spain next year

A

Vamos a España el año que viene

(future is made clear)

113
Q

Who’s paying tomorrow?

A

Quién paga mañana?

(future made clear)

114
Q

I’ll be down right away

A

En seguida bajo

(immediate future)

115
Q

I’ll ring you tonight

A

Te llamo esta noche

(immediate future)

116
Q

I’ll be at your house in a quarter of an
hour

A

Dentro de un cuarto de hora estoy en tu casa

117
Q

If he comes round here, what shall I say?

A

Si viene por aquí, qué digo?

118
Q

Tonight there’ll be a storm, you’ll see

A

Esta noche hay tormenta, verás

(certain future)

119
Q

Goodbye/See you again

A

Nos vemos

120
Q

Wait, I’ll do it in a moment

A

Espera, lo hago en un momenta

(marked future, certain)

121
Q

‘If things go on like this
there will be no more trees left’.

A

Si las cosas continúan así, ya no habrá árboles

(uncertain future, so future)

122
Q

I think there is no room

A

Me parece que no hay sitio

123
Q

I think there won’t be room (2)

A

Me parece que no habrá sitio.
Me parece que no va a haber sitio.

(future needed to distinguish this from present)

124
Q

Tomorrow the speech will be delivered by the president

A

Mañana el discurso será pronunciado por el presidente

(ser only used in the present to express the future in calendar statements)

125
Q

tomorrow is Thursday

A

Mañana es jueves
(ser only used in the present to express the future in calendar statements)

126
Q

If you marry me I’m going to make you
happy (intention)

A

Si te casas conmigo te voy a hacer feliz

127
Q

Hurry! They’re going to close! (intention)

A

Deprisa, que van a cerrar!

128
Q

If you marry me I shall make you
happy (promise)

A

Si te casas conmigo te haré feliz

129
Q

Hurry! They’re shall close!

A

Deprisa, que cierran!

130
Q

If things go on like this we won’t be able
to breath the air in the cities

A

Si las cosas continuan así, no podremos respirar el aire de las ciudades

(ir form possible here)

131
Q

‘It’s absurd for you to come
tomorrow

A

Es absurdo que vengas mañana

(subjunctive because the header is in the present)

132
Q

It would be absurd
for you to come tomorrow

A

Sería absurdo que vinieras (vinieses) mañana

(conditional triggers past subj)

133
Q

It would be crazy to start it up with no
oil

A

Sería una locura ponerlo en marcha sin aceite

(conditional)

134
Q

Another coup d’etat would be pointless
because it would only damage the
country

A

De nada serviría un nuevo golpe porque sólo
perjudicaría al país

(condition)

135
Q

That day we must have walked more
than 50 km

A

Aquel día andaríamos más de cincuenta
kilómetros

(suppositions about the past, conditional)

136
Q

He must have been about thirty

A

Tendría unos treinta años

(supposition about the past, conditional)

137
Q

He was wearing a sports jacket which
must once have been navy blue

A

Llevaba un saco sport que en algún tiempo
habría sido azul marino

(supposition about the past, conditional)

138
Q

I knew father would come down at 11
o’clock

A

Yo sabía que papá bajaría/bajaba/iba a bajar a
las once

(future in the past can be expressed by conditional, imperfect and imperfect ir future)

139
Q

He said he’d do/was going to do it later

A

Dijo que lo haría/hacía/iba a hacer luego

(future in the past can be expressed by conditional, imperfect and imperfect ir future)

140
Q

He shut the door carefully; his wife was
fast asleep. She would sleep until the sun
first showed at the window

A

Cerró la puerta con cuidado; su mujer dormía
profundamente. Dormiría hasta que el sol
hiciera su primera presencia en la ventana

(conditional to express future in the past)

141
Q

He then had an adventure that was to
develop in three different stages

A

Entonces tuvo una aventura que se
desarrollaría en tres etapas diferentes

(conditional to express future in the past)

142
Q

Soon everyone would go and take a
siesta

A

En un rato todo el mundo se iría a dormir la
siesta

(conditional to express future in the past)

143
Q

Would anyone dare to say that
‘socialization’ has made newspapers
more free?

A

Alguien se atrevería a decir que la socialización ha hecho más libres a los diarios?

conditional to express rhetorical questions

144
Q

When can the -ra subjunctive replace the conditional?

A

when it is used as a true conditional, not as a suppositional tense or future in the past

145
Q

It would have been better (2)

A

Habría sido mejor.
Hubiera sido mejor.

146
Q

I’d like to do it (2)

A

Yo querría hacerlo.
Yo quisiera hacerlo.

147
Q

You should have done it (2)

A

Deberías haberlo hecho.
Debieras haberlo hecho.

148
Q

it would seem that

A

pareciera que.
parecería que

149
Q

I’ve already bought the tickets

A

Ya tengo compradas las entradas

(tener plus participle, which agrees, indicates successful acquisition, or fulfillment)

150
Q

After the holidays/vacation I’ll have all
my homework done

A

Después de las vacaciones tendré hechos todos
mis deberes

(tener plus participle, which agrees, indicates successful acquisition, or fulfillment)

151
Q

I had arranged an appointment with the
boss

A

Yo tenía concertada hora con el jefe

(tener plus participle, which agrees, indicates successful acquisition, or fulfillment)

152
Q

That Thursday in December I had
planned to cross to the right bank

A

ese jueves de diciembre tenía pensado
cruzar a la orilla derecha
(tener plus participle, which agrees, indicates successful acquisition, or fulfillment)

153
Q

I haven’t seen your mother this week

A

No he vis to a tu madre esta semana

(perfect, because the time period includes present)

154
Q

In only two generations 43% of the
earth’s surface has been reduced to
desert

A

En sólo dos generaciones se ha desertizado
un 43% de la superficie terrestre

(perfect, time includes present)

155
Q

We’ve been twice this month

A

Hemos ido dos veces este mes

(perfect, time includes present)

156
Q

They’ve already arrived

A

Ya han llegado

(perfect, time includes the present)

157
Q

I have always thought that . . .

A

Siempre he pensado que. . .

(perfect, time includes the present)

158
Q

They haven’t arrived yet

A

Todavía no han llegado

(perfect, time includes present)

159
Q

I saw your mother-in-law this morning
I have seen your mother-in-law this morning

A

Vi a tu suegra esta mañana.
He visto a tu suegra esta mañana

160
Q

Someone’s smoked a cigarette here. I
can smell the smoke

A

Alguien ha fumado un cigarrillo aquí. Huelo
el humo.

perfect because it has relevance for the present

161
Q

Who’s broken this window?

A

Quién ha roto esta ventana?

(perf relevance for the present)

162
Q

I got up at six this morning (recent, distant)

A

Esta mañana me he levantado a las seis.
Esta mañana me levanté a las seis

163
Q

Did you hear the explosion? (just then)

A

Has oído la explosión?

164
Q

‘Who said that (just now)?’ it wasn’t me.
It was him

A

Quién ha dicho eso?
No he sido yo.
Ha sido él.

165
Q

I saw her a moment ago

A

La he visto hace un momento

166
Q

I couldn’t do it

A

No he podido hacerlo

167
Q

I didn’t want to come earlier so as not to
cause bother

A

No he querido venir antes por no querer
molestar

168
Q

I didn’t want to do it

A

No he querido hacerlo

(perf, recency)

169
Q

Yesterday, at nightfall, when the big cliff
is the colour of cinnabar, I returned to
the island

A

Ayer, a la caída de la tarde, cuando el gran
acantilado es de cinabrio, he vuelto a la isla

(pret if the day before)

170
Q

It involves an exercise which lost its
initiative months ago

A

Se trata de un ejercicio que ha perdido la
iniciativa hace meses

(pret, distant past)

171
Q

Everything that has happened to me
happened yesterday, last night at the
latest

A

A mí todo lo que me ha sucedido
me ha sucedido ayer, anoche a más tardar

(pret because distant)

172
Q

A few days ago a Danish pacifist was
accused of spying for Moscow

A

Hace pocos días, un pacifista danés ha sido
acusado de espionaje a favor de Moscú
(pret for distant past)

173
Q

I haven’t seen you for years

A

Hace años que no te he visto (negative time phrases take perfect)

174
Q

I had already realized that you weren’t
there

A

Yo ya me había dado cuenta de que ustedes
no estaban

175
Q

We knew that he had already sold the
car

A

Sabíamos que ya hab[a vendido el coche

176
Q

We’ll eat after
the rest arrive

A

Comeremos después de que lleguen los demás

subj because unfulfilled

177
Q

We decided we would eat after the rest arrived

A

Decidimos comer después de que llegasen/llegaran los
demás

178
Q

We ate after
the rest (had) arrived

A

Comimos después de que llegaron los demás

179
Q

after the elder daughters (had)
helped her to put a bit of order in the
devastation left by the wedding

A

después de que las hijas mayores la
ayudaron a poner un poco de orden en los
estragos de la boda

180
Q

after Victoriano Huerta killed Madero

A

después de que Victoriano Huerta
mató a Madero

181
Q

We left after we had done
everything

A

Nos fuimos después de haber hecho todo

Spanish Grammar and Usage (5 decks)

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