Tennessee History Flashcards
Sharecropping
Plantation owners split their land with the freedman into small plots and each family paid an annual fee, but it was ineffective an hurt agriculture.
Freedman
former slaves
Brownlow and the Radicals
this group had control over Tennessee after the Civil War. The endorsed the 11th, 12th, and 13th amendment as well as the Franchise law of 1865 and the Franchise Law of 1866. They had strict control over Tennessee for a short time and made sure ex-confederates couldn’t vote and allowed black me too so they could get the votes they needed.
Franchise Bill of 1865
Stated that former supporters of the Confederacy couldn’t vote fro 5 years (15 years for Confederate officers) and set up a voter registration system (the states first) that was administered by county court clerks and tried to ensure that only eligible voters participated in elections.
Franchise Bill of 1866
The new law voided all previous voter registrations and decreed that voters must be reregistered election commissioners appointed by the governor. They were given broad discretion in determining who was qualified to vote (they were encourage to not accept anyone that might vote Conservative). Also it discarded the 5 and 15 year clauses for ex-Confederates, and disfranchised them for life.
13th Amendment
outlawed slavery throughout the nation
14th Amendment
aimed at protecting the freedman and checking the power of the ex-Rebels
15th Amendment
No one could be denied the right to vote because of their race, color or previous condition of servitude.
State Guard
Military force created by the state government consisting of white and black troops loyal to Brownlow that protected the government from the Conservatives and administrations interested in the upcoming election.
Emerson Etheridge
He was Brownlow’s challenger for the governor spot who was a Conservative who supported the enfranchisement of all white men and praised President Johnson and he lost.
Union Leagues
Radical led political clubs that helped black men to vote which spelled disaster for the conservatives.
Freedman’s Bureau
Federal agency that helped black workers deal with the white bosses and also helped in creating black schools.
Fisk University
the most successful missionary school founded in Nashville in 1866 by the American Missionary Association which instituted a normal program in 1867 and became one of the nation’s preeminent black colleges
Memphis Riots 1866
Scene of the wort outbreak of anti-black violence from May 1 1866 to May 2 1866 and was one of the bloodiest and most destructive race riots in American history
Ku Klux Klan
- Social fraternity founded in Pulaski in Dec. 1865 by 6 young Confederate veterans that developed an elaborate hierarchy of local, district, and state officers. They saw themselves as a weapon agaainst assertive blacks, Radical whites, and other “undesirables”.
- Nathan Forrest was the supreme commander
Klan Act of 1868
Brownlow tried to combat the hooded menace and made this act that mde stiff penalties for political terrorism and gave the governor police forces including the State Guard and were allowed to declare marshall law in any county threatened by the Klan
Dewitt Senter
- Replaced Brownlow for governor in 1869.
- He relaxed martial law and demobilized the State Guard
- He then was challenged by Stokes for governor and they ran against each other as Radical candidates
- He surprised his opponents when he announced his support for the repeal of all restrictions
- He beat Stokes and began to undo the works of the Radicals, Ku Klux Klan, and State Guards.Plantation
Constitution of 1870
Tennessee’s governing document today. Preserved the basic structure of set forth in the previous constitution. The most significant differences reflect the Conservatives desire to ensure that no regime could exercise power as Brownlow and his Radicals had done.
Robert Love Taylor
Independent Democrat from East Tennessee that ran against and beat his brother for the governor’s seat. He supported federal aid to education and opposed railroad regulation. He also endorsed legislation to reduce black voting power in the state.
State Centennial Exposition
A celebration in Nashville to mark Tennessee’s first 100 years of statehood. It included a full scale replica of the Parthenon, a history building which featured displays honoring men who fought on both sides of “The Great War”. It had memories from the past as well as dreams for the future.
“New South”
Promised potential investors a capitalist’s paradise, with a friendly state government that would keep taxes low and turn a blind eye to safety violations and exploitation of workers. Lured investors by pointing out natural resources such as coal, iron, and timber. To factory owners it offered cheap, docile, native born white workers willing to work long hours for low pay.
L & N Railroad Company
(Louisville & Nashville) Started before the war as a union shipping line. After the war it became an empire that ran southward from Louisville through Tennessee to Northern Alabama. Became one of the most powerful economic and political forces in the state. It invested invested in politics to escape regulation. Bought majority of a rival’s stock, taking over his company.
Flour
the state’s most profitable industry around the 1900’s
Timber
employed the most Tennesseans around the 1900’s
Joel Cheek
A Nashville Entrepreneur who began marketing a premium coffee, which he named after the city’s finest hotel: Maxwell House.
Memphis Yellow Fever
epidemics that almost destroyed the city and for a brief time lost it’s charter.
Epidemic
yellow fever, cholera, and typhoid from pollution and water born illnesses from poor draineage and sanitation in the cities.
Sam Jones
A Methodist minister from Georgia, who began a series ofrivials in cities across the south. His mesage was old fashioned fire and brimstone. he castigated Nashiville’s newly rich citizens for thier indifference, gave men only sermomns in Memphis, and in Knoxville he praised the Women’s Christen Temple Union. He insisted that Christians do more than just go to church on Sunday. Against drinking, thought it caused violence, crime, and poverty.
Captain Tom Ryman
owned boats that supplied liquor and dancing girls. After hearing that Sam Jones was preaching against liquor, he decided to put a stop to it. He and some of his men went to Jone’s revival to beat him up, but stopped long enough to listen, and changed his mind. He stopped selling liquor and turned his boat into mission halls
“Jim Crow” Laws
mandated segregation in public schools and all public accommodations.
Dortch Law
required the voter to be literate. Was used as a way to disfranchise illiterate blacks.
Samuel McElwee
a black Republican State Representative who tried to introduce antilynching legislation to the General Assembly. Made a speech which gained national attention, but the legislature was still tabled. He was forced to leave Tennessee and moved to Chicago
Ida B Wells
A crusading journalist that encouraged black to leave Memphis if the town would not protect them. She investigated 728 lynchings and found that in most cases sex was not an issue, that it was because of political and economic issues.
Coal Miner’s War
Workers going on strikes that turned violent because employers threaten to cut wages, increased hours, or to keep their jobs. Coal mines were allowing convict to work because it was free labor, taking jobs away from free workers. They sent back the convicts and the governor sent the state militia. The miner’s liberated convicts, burned stockades, and battled the state militia.
Planter’s Protective Association
organization of farmer’s that pooled their crop, and held them off the market, demanding higher prices.
Rugby
a utopian society, a refuge for the impoverished “Second Sons” of English gentry. English law said that land was to be handed down to the oldest son, the second sons did not inherit enough to support themselves, but were forbidden to work at jobs lower than their family’s status.
Ruskin
a utopian society, a small-scale model of “cooperative commonwealth”. organized as a company, with settlers as stockholders. It suffered from poor leadership and internal controversies over politics, religion, and morality. Also most colonist lacked in farming experience.
Bourbon Democrats
conservative Democrats. Historians named them because like the royal family of France, they resumed power after the revolution.
War of the Roses
Brothers Robert Love Taylor running against Alfred Alexander Taylor for governor. Both were young, attractive and entertaining. They toured the state, debating each other, playing the fiddles, and telling jokes.
Populists
Party formed by the National Farmer’s alliance.
Progressives
party, reform and modernization
Fannie Battle
Confederate spy and social reformer
Prohibition
is the practice of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, import, export, sale, and consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages.
Four-Mile Law
- In 1887 the passed the law that prohibited the sale of intoxicating liquors within four miles of an incorporated institution of learning, unless such sale take place in an incorporated town.
- 1st law passed by the TN legislature after the Civil War to restrict the sale of liquor in the state.
Edward Ward Carmack
was an attorney, newspaperman, and political figure who served as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee from 1901 to 1907. Following his political service, and after an unsuccessful run of governor of Tennessee, he returned to his job as editor of the Nashville American. he was shot to deathon Nov 9 1908 over a feud precipitated by his editorial comments in the paper
Luke Lea
was a Democratic United States senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917
Night Raiders of Reelfoot Lake
Settlers who came to the banks of Reelfoot Lake considered the lake free to all who cared to use it. When their livelihood was threatened, the settlers were ready to defend it.
