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Fall 2013 > Tennessee History > Flashcards

Tennessee History Flashcards

1
Q

Sharecropping

A

Plantation owners split their land with the freedman into small plots and each family paid an annual fee, but it was ineffective an hurt agriculture.

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2
Q

Freedman

A

former slaves

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3
Q

Brownlow and the Radicals

A

this group had control over Tennessee after the Civil War. The endorsed the 11th, 12th, and 13th amendment as well as the Franchise law of 1865 and the Franchise Law of 1866. They had strict control over Tennessee for a short time and made sure ex-confederates couldn’t vote and allowed black me too so they could get the votes they needed.

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4
Q

Franchise Bill of 1865

A

Stated that former supporters of the Confederacy couldn’t vote fro 5 years (15 years for Confederate officers) and set up a voter registration system (the states first) that was administered by county court clerks and tried to ensure that only eligible voters participated in elections.

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5
Q

Franchise Bill of 1866

A

The new law voided all previous voter registrations and decreed that voters must be reregistered election commissioners appointed by the governor. They were given broad discretion in determining who was qualified to vote (they were encourage to not accept anyone that might vote Conservative). Also it discarded the 5 and 15 year clauses for ex-Confederates, and disfranchised them for life.

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6
Q

13th Amendment

A

outlawed slavery throughout the nation

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7
Q

14th Amendment

A

aimed at protecting the freedman and checking the power of the ex-Rebels

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8
Q

15th Amendment

A

No one could be denied the right to vote because of their race, color or previous condition of servitude.

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9
Q

State Guard

A

Military force created by the state government consisting of white and black troops loyal to Brownlow that protected the government from the Conservatives and administrations interested in the upcoming election.

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10
Q

Emerson Etheridge

A

He was Brownlow’s challenger for the governor spot who was a Conservative who supported the enfranchisement of all white men and praised President Johnson and he lost.

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11
Q

Union Leagues

A

Radical led political clubs that helped black men to vote which spelled disaster for the conservatives.

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12
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

Federal agency that helped black workers deal with the white bosses and also helped in creating black schools.

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13
Q

Fisk University

A

the most successful missionary school founded in Nashville in 1866 by the American Missionary Association which instituted a normal program in 1867 and became one of the nation’s preeminent black colleges

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14
Q

Memphis Riots 1866

A

Scene of the wort outbreak of anti-black violence from May 1 1866 to May 2 1866 and was one of the bloodiest and most destructive race riots in American history

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15
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A
  • Social fraternity founded in Pulaski in Dec. 1865 by 6 young Confederate veterans that developed an elaborate hierarchy of local, district, and state officers. They saw themselves as a weapon agaainst assertive blacks, Radical whites, and other “undesirables”.
  • Nathan Forrest was the supreme commander
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16
Q

Klan Act of 1868

A

Brownlow tried to combat the hooded menace and made this act that mde stiff penalties for political terrorism and gave the governor police forces including the State Guard and were allowed to declare marshall law in any county threatened by the Klan

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17
Q

Dewitt Senter

A
  • Replaced Brownlow for governor in 1869.
  • He relaxed martial law and demobilized the State Guard
  • He then was challenged by Stokes for governor and they ran against each other as Radical candidates
  • He surprised his opponents when he announced his support for the repeal of all restrictions
  • He beat Stokes and began to undo the works of the Radicals, Ku Klux Klan, and State Guards.Plantation
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18
Q

Constitution of 1870

A

Tennessee’s governing document today. Preserved the basic structure of set forth in the previous constitution. The most significant differences reflect the Conservatives desire to ensure that no regime could exercise power as Brownlow and his Radicals had done.

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19
Q

Robert Love Taylor

A

Independent Democrat from East Tennessee that ran against and beat his brother for the governor’s seat. He supported federal aid to education and opposed railroad regulation. He also endorsed legislation to reduce black voting power in the state.

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20
Q

State Centennial Exposition

A

A celebration in Nashville to mark Tennessee’s first 100 years of statehood. It included a full scale replica of the Parthenon, a history building which featured displays honoring men who fought on both sides of “The Great War”. It had memories from the past as well as dreams for the future.

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21
Q

“New South”

A

Promised potential investors a capitalist’s paradise, with a friendly state government that would keep taxes low and turn a blind eye to safety violations and exploitation of workers. Lured investors by pointing out natural resources such as coal, iron, and timber. To factory owners it offered cheap, docile, native born white workers willing to work long hours for low pay.

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22
Q

L & N Railroad Company

A

(Louisville & Nashville) Started before the war as a union shipping line. After the war it became an empire that ran southward from Louisville through Tennessee to Northern Alabama. Became one of the most powerful economic and political forces in the state. It invested invested in politics to escape regulation. Bought majority of a rival’s stock, taking over his company.

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23
Q

Flour

A

the state’s most profitable industry around the 1900’s

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24
Q

Timber

A

employed the most Tennesseans around the 1900’s

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25
Joel Cheek
A Nashville Entrepreneur who began marketing a premium coffee, which he named after the city's finest hotel: Maxwell House.
26
Memphis Yellow Fever
epidemics that almost destroyed the city and for a brief time lost it's charter.
27
Epidemic
yellow fever, cholera, and typhoid from pollution and water born illnesses from poor draineage and sanitation in the cities.
28
Sam Jones
A Methodist minister from Georgia, who began a series ofrivials in cities across the south. His mesage was old fashioned fire and brimstone. he castigated Nashiville's newly rich citizens for thier indifference, gave men only sermomns in Memphis, and in Knoxville he praised the Women's Christen Temple Union. He insisted that Christians do more than just go to church on Sunday. Against drinking, thought it caused violence, crime, and poverty.
29
Captain Tom Ryman
owned boats that supplied liquor and dancing girls. After hearing that Sam Jones was preaching against liquor, he decided to put a stop to it. He and some of his men went to Jone's revival to beat him up, but stopped long enough to listen, and changed his mind. He stopped selling liquor and turned his boat into mission halls
30
"Jim Crow" Laws
mandated segregation in public schools and all public accommodations.
31
Dortch Law
required the voter to be literate. Was used as a way to disfranchise illiterate blacks.
32
Samuel McElwee
a black Republican State Representative who tried to introduce antilynching legislation to the General Assembly. Made a speech which gained national attention, but the legislature was still tabled. He was forced to leave Tennessee and moved to Chicago
33
Ida B Wells
A crusading journalist that encouraged black to leave Memphis if the town would not protect them. She investigated 728 lynchings and found that in most cases sex was not an issue, that it was because of political and economic issues.
34
Coal Miner's War
Workers going on strikes that turned violent because employers threaten to cut wages, increased hours, or to keep their jobs. Coal mines were allowing convict to work because it was free labor, taking jobs away from free workers. They sent back the convicts and the governor sent the state militia. The miner's liberated convicts, burned stockades, and battled the state militia.
35
Planter's Protective Association
organization of farmer's that pooled their crop, and held them off the market, demanding higher prices.
36
Rugby
a utopian society, a refuge for the impoverished "Second Sons" of English gentry. English law said that land was to be handed down to the oldest son, the second sons did not inherit enough to support themselves, but were forbidden to work at jobs lower than their family's status.
37
Ruskin
a utopian society, a small-scale model of "cooperative commonwealth". organized as a company, with settlers as stockholders. It suffered from poor leadership and internal controversies over politics, religion, and morality. Also most colonist lacked in farming experience.
38
Bourbon Democrats
conservative Democrats. Historians named them because like the royal family of France, they resumed power after the revolution.
39
War of the Roses
Brothers Robert Love Taylor running against Alfred Alexander Taylor for governor. Both were young, attractive and entertaining. They toured the state, debating each other, playing the fiddles, and telling jokes.
40
Populists
Party formed by the National Farmer's alliance.
41
Progressives
party, reform and modernization
42
Fannie Battle
Confederate spy and social reformer
43
Prohibition
is the practice of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, import, export, sale, and consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages.
44
Four-Mile Law
- In 1887 the passed the law that prohibited the sale of intoxicating liquors within four miles of an incorporated institution of learning, unless such sale take place in an incorporated town. - 1st law passed by the TN legislature after the Civil War to restrict the sale of liquor in the state.
45
Edward Ward Carmack
was an attorney, newspaperman, and political figure who served as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee from 1901 to 1907. Following his political service, and after an unsuccessful run of governor of Tennessee, he returned to his job as editor of the Nashville American. he was shot to deathon Nov 9 1908 over a feud precipitated by his editorial comments in the paper
46
Luke Lea
was a Democratic United States senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917
47
Night Raiders of Reelfoot Lake
Settlers who came to the banks of Reelfoot Lake considered the lake free to all who cared to use it. When their livelihood was threatened, the settlers were ready to defend it.
48
Ed "Boss" Crump
Although was never the governor, he was considered the most powerful man in Tennessee. To this day, his name evokes negative emotions with many Middle Tennesseans. Many West Tenneesseans, especially African Americans consider him a hero.
49
"Ouster Law"
Throw the bums out. According to this law, government officials can be ousted for bing drunk in public.
50
W.C. Handy
"Father of the Blues" credited with helping popularize the blues music in the early 20th century
51
Philander Claxton
United States commissioner of education, 1911-1921
52
Alvin C. York
ended the First World War as one of America's most famous soldiers, with fame and popular recognition assured following a remarkable act of courage and coolness in Oct 1918
53
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
organized by women who were concerned about the destructive power of alcohol and the problems it was causing their families and society
54
Lide A. Meriwether
was the President of the Tennessee Women's Christian Temperance Union for 13 years and later given honorary titile of "President for Life". She organized the first Equal Rights Associatin in Memphis in 1889 and was it's president for 3 years beginning in 1897. Once again she was given the honorary tittle "President for Life"
55
TERA (Tennessee Equal Rights Association)
President of this association was Lida A Meeriwether. suffragist held a convention and formed this organization for Tennessee's women's rights.
56
Anne Dallas Dudley
Led a Nashville suffrage parade to Centennial Park, she proved an anti-suffrage argument wrong that suffragist were't just unattractive men-haters.
57
Harry Burn
was member of the Tennessee General Assembly for McMinn County, Tennessee. Burn became the youngest member of state legistlature when he was elected at the age of 22. He is best remembered for actiion taken to ratify the 19th Amendment during his first term in the legislature after getting a letter from his Mom
58
19th Amendment
prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex.
59
Great Migration
a long term movement of African Americans from the South to the urban North, transformed Chicago and other northern cities between 1916 and 1970.
60
Austin Peay
Hhistorians remember him as the best governor of the 20th century. He draged the the state government to the 20th century. Focused on building statewide system of roads and greatly improving schools.
61
Tennessee Good Road Association (TGRA)
In 1091 Tennessesseans joined the national movement to improve highways by forming their own state unit
62
Piggly Wiggly
America's first true self service grocery store founded in Memphis, TN in 1916 by Clarence Saunders
63
Grand Ole Opry
started out just as a tool to sell insurance has transformed into one of the best and long lived country music radio shows in history
64
Scopes Trial
was a londmark American legal case in 1925 in which high school science teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act which made it unlawful to teach evolution
65
Luke Lea
was the founder of the Nashville Tennessean and its first editor and publisher. He was elected to Senate by the Tennessee General Assembly in 1911
66
"Public Emergency Committee"
a committee of men whom Luke lea had fired, defeated in politics, or otherwise humiliated, held public meetings across the state, exposing his malfeasance and demanding justice.
67
Elizabethton Textile Strike (1929)
demonstrated the militancy of supposedly docile female workers and the independence of the young rural women
68
Great Depression
Began when the New York stock market crashed. Throughout Tennessee workers were laid off, received reduced wages, or were closed over night. People lost their homes and had to declare bankruptcy
69
New Deal
reached into every community in the nation to supply relief for the destitute and put the jobless to work. it brought jobs to Tennessee and formed programs such as the Public Works Administration (PWA), The Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the Civilian Constructive Corps (CCC).
70
Southern FArmers Tenant Union (SFTU)
was founded in the 1934 as a civil farmers's union to further organize the tenant farmers in the Southern United States
71
George Norris
A staunch supporter of Presdent Roosevelt's New Deal programs, he sponsored the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933
72
Cornelia Fort
was an aviator in the Women's Auxillary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) later called Women Airforce Service Pilots, who became the first female pilot in history to die in active duty
73
Oak Ridge / Clinton Engineering Works
home of a major Manhatten Project that led to the birth of the Atomic Bomb and ushered in the Nuclear Age
74
"The Battle of Athens" (1946)
was a rebellion led by citizens in Athens and Etowah, TN, against the local government in August 1946. The citizens, including some WWII veterans, accused the local officials of political corruption and voter intimidation. The event is sometimes cited by firearms ownership advocates as an example of the value of the 2nd Amendment in combating tyranny.
75
Columbia Race Riots (1946)
the first incident in the state that showed black determination to resist. the riot resulted from a fight between the war veteran William Fleming and black war veteran James Stephenson over a botched radio repair
76
Ed "Boss" Crump
32
77
Gordon Browning
was an American politician who represented Tennessee in the United States Congress and was later Governor of Tennessee from 1937 to 1939 and again from 1949 to 1953
78
Kenneth McKellar
was an American poitician from Tennessee who served as a United States Representative from 1911 until 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 until 1953. A Democrat, he served longer in both houses of Congress than anyone else in Tennessee history, and only a few others in American history have served longer in both houses.
79
Frank Clement
tried to run for President but had an embrssing speech on tv
80
Sam Phillips
musician
81
Hank Williams, Sr.
country musician/songwriter
82
Lillian Jenkins
1st African American to graduate from UTK
83
John Kasper
activist who took a militant stand against integration during the civil rights movement.
84
Perry Wallace
first high profile athlete, and the first scholarship basketball player
85
Buford Ellington
42nd governor when Matin Luther King, Jr. died
86
Andrew TIp Taylor
senator
87
Judd Acuff
delegate to Republican National Convention from Tennessee
88
"Parent's Preference Law"
which permitted local school boards to maintain racially separate schools for children of parents who voluntarily sought it
89
"Pupil Assignment Law"
allowed boards of education to assign pupils to particular schools
90
Ralph Kelley
tried to introduce 3 bills which would have negative consequences for education, including attendance is not required if parents had to send their kids to desegregated schools
91
Tennessee Federation for Constitutional Government (TFCG)
emphasized states rights, rather than focusing simply on school segregation.
92
Citizen's Council
aimed to maintain Southern way of life
93
Myles Horton
pioneer in the cause of sacial justice within the Southern Region of America. He founded the Highlander Folk School in 1932 in Monteagle, TN
94
highlander Folk School
pushed toward racial integration in schools.
95
Edwin Friend
36
96
Nashville Christian Leadership Council (NCLC)
this organization sponsored workshops on nonviolence and tried to desegregate downtown lunch counters with talks and then sit-ins when that didn't work.
97
"Sit-ins"
38
98
Ben West
appointed a biracial committee to work out solutions to segregation problems, they recommended a partial desegregation downtown lunch counters. Mayor of Nashville.
99
Viola McFerren
established a tent city for need black families. was instrumental in getting antipoverty funds for her county. she also successfully filed a suit against the school board to desegregate schools
100
Civic and Welfare Leagues
this organization help keep blacks from being intimidated to vote and encourgaed them to vote. They also help put up tent cities for evicted black families
101
A. W. Willis
the first black legislator.
102
Memphis Garbage Strike
black garbage workers went on strike after 2 people were crushed by compacters and many others were sent home for "bad weather" while their white supervisors stayed.
103
Martin Luther King, Jr.
civil rights leader
104
Baker v. Carr (1962)
in a 6-2 ruling, the Supreme Court held that federal courts have the power to determine the constitutionality of a state's voting districts.
105
Stax Records
Founded in 1957 as Satellite Records, the name Stax Records was adopted in 1961. The lable was a major factor in the creation of the Southern soul and Memphis soul music styles, also releasing gospel, funk, jazz, and blues recordings. While Stax is renowned for its output of African-American music, the label was founded by w white businesspeople, Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton and featured several popular ethnically-integrated bands, including the label's house band, Booker T. & the MG's
106
Elvis Presley
King of Rock and Roll
107
Ales Haley
African-American writer. He is best known as the author of Roots: The saga of an American Family and the coauthor of the Autobiography of Malcolm X
108
Howard Baker, Jr.
known in Washington D.C. as the Great Conciliator", he is often regarded as one of the most successful senators in terms of brokering compromises, enacting legislation, and maintaining civility.
109
Winfield Dunn
43rd goveror of Tennessee, from 1971 to 1975 dentist
110
Ray Blanton
44th governor from 1975 to 1979. Administration was rifle with corruption.
111
Lamar Alexander
is the senior United States Senator from Tennessee and Conference Chair of the Republican Party. He was Previouly the 45th governor of Tennessee from 1979 to 1987, United States Secretary of Educatoin from 1991 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush and candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1996 and 2000
112
Ned Ray McWhirter
American politician who served as the 46th governor of Tennessee from 1987 to 1995. He was a Democrat, He was a member of the united Methodist Church, he served for 21 years in the Tennessee National Guard before retiring with the rank of captain.
113
Harold Ford
He was the first African-American to represent Tennesee in the U.S. Congress
114
Albert Gore, Jr.
45th Vice President of the United States (1993-2001), under President Bill Clinton
115
Jake Butcher
U.S. banker and politician who built a financial empire in East Tennessee, was the Democratic Party nominee for governor of Tennessee in 1978 nd the primary promoter of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee, and who lost his business nd his personal fortune after he was found to have engaged in massive fraud.
116
Sunsphere
high hexagonal truss structure, topped with 23m (75 ft) gold-colored glass sphere that served as the symbol of the 1982 World's Fair.
117
Jane Eskind
the first woman to win a statewide election in Tennessee, commenced her activist career as a lobbyist for the Tennessee League of Women Voters.
118
The Farm
is an intential communitly of families and friends living on three square miles in Southern Middle Tennessee. Over the last 35 years, it has become well known for many things, from natural childbirth and midwifery to health diet and vegetarian cuisine, creative arts, and alternativetechnologies to its partnerships and assistance to native cultures. We choose to liv in community where we share our lives and fortunes, good times and hard times. We feel that we can be stronger and more usefule than we could be separately.
119
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
pledged to improve navigability on the Tennessee River, as well as provide flood control, reforest and improve marginal farm land, assist in industrial and agricultural development, and assist in the creation of a government nitrate and phosphorus manufacturing facility. One of the most ambitious projects of the New Deal.

Fall 2013 (2 decks)

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