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LA Sx scs RUSVM > Tendons, Shoeing, Chronic laminitis > Flashcards

Tendons, Shoeing, Chronic laminitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the laccessory igament of the SDFT? What about the DDFT?

A

SDFT = Superior check ligament

DDFT= Inferior check ligament

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2
Q

Given that #1 is the SDFT and #2 is the DDFT, fill in the rest

A

3: Accessory ligament of the DDFT (Inferior check ligament)
4: Suspensory ligament
5: Extensor tendon

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3
Q

What does the suspensory ligament continue on distally as?

A

Extensor branch of the SL and joins the CDE tendon

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4
Q

Where does the DDFT insert?

A

P3

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5
Q

Which part of the tendon produces growth factors, intrinsic blood supply, nerves and provies elasticity?

a. Endotenon
b. Epitenon
c. Paratenon
d. Exotenon

A

a. Endotenon

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6
Q

What is the structure called that surrounds tendons?

a. Endotenon
b. Epitenon
c. Paratenon
d. Exotenon

A

Epitenon

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7
Q

Which part of the tendon surrounds tendons not in a sheath?

a. Endotenon
b. Epitenon
c. Paratenon
d. Exotenon

A

c. Paratenon

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8
Q

Which is lost first, center or peripheral crimp of a tendon?

A

Center

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9
Q

Why are tendons less elastic after an injury?

A

Scar formation (type III collagen remodels over time to include type I which is less elastic)

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10
Q

Why is trauma to the palmar aspect of the pastern/metacarpus more serious?

A

Flexor tendons are constantly under strain (bear weight)

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11
Q

Which 2 tendons or ligaments are most prone to inury?

A

SDFT

SL

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12
Q

How long is the inflammatory phase after a tendon injury?

A

1-2 weeks

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13
Q

What is the best tool for diagnosing tendonitis? When is the best time to use this tool?

A

Ultrasound

1 week after injury

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14
Q

How many US zones are in the metacarpal region? Pastern region?

A

7

3

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15
Q

Which type of tendon injury is usually more hypoechoic on US, chronic or acute?

A

Acute

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16
Q

What occurs if the SDFT ruptures? What occurs if both the SDFT and the DDFT rupture?

A

Fetlock drops

Fetlock drops and toe lifts

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17
Q

Forelimb: What is your diagnosis?

A

Large core lesion of the SDFT

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18
Q

What do all treatment regimens for tendonitis include?

A

Rest

Controlled exercise program

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19
Q

How long should you perform cold hydrotherapy on a horse with tendonitis?

A

20 min (max 30 min)

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20
Q

What is the principle behind intra-lesional bone marrow to treat tendonitis?

A

Provides growth factors to stimulate tissue repair

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21
Q

T/F: The annular ligament is inelastic.

A

True

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22
Q

What is the most important component of successfully treating tendonitis?

A

Rehabilitation

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23
Q

What has ruptured if the fetlock is on the floor and the toe is pointed straight up?

A

SDFT

DDFT

Suspensory apparatus

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24
Q

In what horses may it be normal for the toes to be slightly lifted?

A

Newborn foals

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25
Q

Which limb and digit is usually affected by tendon lacerations in the cow?

A

Hind limb

Lateral digit

26
Q

What technique is used for suturing tendons?

A

Locking loop

27
Q

How often should the normal hoof be trimmed?

A

Every 4-6 weeks

28
Q

How long does it take for normal hoof to grow from the coronet to the sole at the toe?

A

1 year

29
Q

How is the hoof evaluated for proper positioning?

A

Using the Hoof-pastern axis (HPA)

30
Q

What part of the hoof, rear or front, is more round?

A

Front

Rear is more pointed; hoof is shaped like an egg

31
Q

What is used to pry the shoe from the hoof capsule?

A

Shoe puller

32
Q

How are horse shoes used to evaluate whether the hoof mechanism is working?

A

Look for a polished area on the shoe

33
Q

In which breed is the toe left longer when trimming the hooves? Why?

A

Standardbreds

To increase stride length

34
Q

Should the horse shoe be more pointed in the front or hind limb?

A

Hind

35
Q

In which direction must the bevel of the nail face?

A

Inner surface (frog)

36
Q

What landmark is used for proper nail placement?

A

White line

37
Q

What condition is common in carriage horses? What does this cause?

A

Sidebones

Heel cannot expand properly

38
Q

What is deviation of the white line characteristic of?

A

Keratoma

Abnormal keratinization in response to chronic injury

39
Q

Which type of corrective shoe can be used to assist in the healing of a sagittal fracture of the coffin bone?

A

Full bar shoe

40
Q

What can be done using shoes to assist a horse with navicular disease? What do these shoes faciliate?

A

Rocker-toe shoes with elevated heels

Breakover

41
Q

What can be done with shoes to aid a horse with a flexor tendon rupture?

A

Make a shoe with elongated heels

Fetlock support shoe

Fetlock sling shoe

Elevate heel

42
Q

T/F: When an owner calls you to report a puncture wound to the sole of the hoof, you should advise them to remove the nail as soon as possible to minimize damage.

A

False, ask them to leave the nail in place so can use rads to judge the prognosis

43
Q

What is a plate shoe used for?

A

To aid in healing of a sole abscess

44
Q

How is a keratoma treated?

A

Cut and peel away the affected protion of the hoof capsule

Do not cut into the coronet

45
Q

What is Gravel?

The condition not the tiny rocks

A

Sole abscess with drainage at the coronary band

46
Q

What is Quittor? What causes it?

A

Necrosis of the collateral cartilage

Caused by subcoronary abscess or interferring (interferring only if on medial aspect)

47
Q

What is the term for the degenerative condition of the frog which usually affects the hindlimb?

A

Thrush

48
Q

Diagnosis?

A

White Line Disease

49
Q

What can be used in a horse who has very brittle or fragile hooves?

A

Glue on shoes

50
Q

How long does it take a quarter crack to the coronary band to resolve?

A

Doesn’t resolve, hoof will always have that lesion

51
Q

When does laminitis become chronic?

A

After 48 hours of continual pain or when rotation of the distal phalanx occurs

52
Q

Why does coffin bone rotation occur with chronic laminitis?

A

Lamellae detach from coffin bone and DDFT continually pulls on the bone causing rotation

53
Q

Which Obel grade indicates laminitis with a stilted gait at the walk and the ability to lift the foot?

A

Grade 2

54
Q

T/F: Plaster of Paris can be used to support the sole and aid in the resolution of chronic laminitis.

A

False, can use for acute

55
Q

What is the highest Obel grade?

A

4

56
Q

At which Obel grade does the horse resist lifting the foot?

A

Grade 3

57
Q

What is the term for bone remodelling at the end of the coffin bone that can occur due to chronic laminitis?

A

Ski-tipped

58
Q

What causes radiolucent lines in a hoof of a horse with laminitis on a rad?

A

Chronic laminitis

Rotation of the coffin bone

59
Q

Which of these is not a risk factor for chronic lamintis?

Pony breed

Fat horse

Soft flooring

Late summer

High carb (grain) diet

NWB lameness

A

Soft flooring

60
Q

What are the treatment options for chronic lamintis?

A

Therapeutic shoeing:

  • Dorsal hoof wall resection
  • Heart bar shoe
  • Reversed horse shoe

DDFT tenotomy

LA Sx scs RUSVM (4 decks)

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