Tendons, Shoeing, Chronic laminitis Flashcards
What is the laccessory igament of the SDFT? What about the DDFT?
SDFT = Superior check ligament
DDFT= Inferior check ligament
Given that #1 is the SDFT and #2 is the DDFT, fill in the rest
3: Accessory ligament of the DDFT (Inferior check ligament)
4: Suspensory ligament
5: Extensor tendon
What does the suspensory ligament continue on distally as?
Extensor branch of the SL and joins the CDE tendon
Where does the DDFT insert?
P3
Which part of the tendon produces growth factors, intrinsic blood supply, nerves and provies elasticity?
a. Endotenon
b. Epitenon
c. Paratenon
d. Exotenon
a. Endotenon
What is the structure called that surrounds tendons?
a. Endotenon
b. Epitenon
c. Paratenon
d. Exotenon
Epitenon
Which part of the tendon surrounds tendons not in a sheath?
a. Endotenon
b. Epitenon
c. Paratenon
d. Exotenon
c. Paratenon
Which is lost first, center or peripheral crimp of a tendon?
Center
Why are tendons less elastic after an injury?
Scar formation (type III collagen remodels over time to include type I which is less elastic)
Why is trauma to the palmar aspect of the pastern/metacarpus more serious?
Flexor tendons are constantly under strain (bear weight)
Which 2 tendons or ligaments are most prone to inury?
SDFT
SL
How long is the inflammatory phase after a tendon injury?
1-2 weeks
What is the best tool for diagnosing tendonitis? When is the best time to use this tool?
Ultrasound
1 week after injury
How many US zones are in the metacarpal region? Pastern region?
7
3
Which type of tendon injury is usually more hypoechoic on US, chronic or acute?
Acute
What occurs if the SDFT ruptures? What occurs if both the SDFT and the DDFT rupture?
Fetlock drops
Fetlock drops and toe lifts
Forelimb: What is your diagnosis?
Large core lesion of the SDFT
What do all treatment regimens for tendonitis include?
Rest
Controlled exercise program
How long should you perform cold hydrotherapy on a horse with tendonitis?
20 min (max 30 min)
What is the principle behind intra-lesional bone marrow to treat tendonitis?
Provides growth factors to stimulate tissue repair
T/F: The annular ligament is inelastic.
True
What is the most important component of successfully treating tendonitis?
Rehabilitation
What has ruptured if the fetlock is on the floor and the toe is pointed straight up?
SDFT
DDFT
Suspensory apparatus
In what horses may it be normal for the toes to be slightly lifted?
Newborn foals
Which limb and digit is usually affected by tendon lacerations in the cow?
Hind limb
Lateral digit
What technique is used for suturing tendons?
Locking loop
How often should the normal hoof be trimmed?
Every 4-6 weeks
How long does it take for normal hoof to grow from the coronet to the sole at the toe?
1 year
How is the hoof evaluated for proper positioning?
Using the Hoof-pastern axis (HPA)
What part of the hoof, rear or front, is more round?
Front
Rear is more pointed; hoof is shaped like an egg
What is used to pry the shoe from the hoof capsule?
Shoe puller
How are horse shoes used to evaluate whether the hoof mechanism is working?
Look for a polished area on the shoe
In which breed is the toe left longer when trimming the hooves? Why?
Standardbreds
To increase stride length
Should the horse shoe be more pointed in the front or hind limb?
Hind
In which direction must the bevel of the nail face?
Inner surface (frog)
What landmark is used for proper nail placement?
White line
What condition is common in carriage horses? What does this cause?
Sidebones
Heel cannot expand properly
What is deviation of the white line characteristic of?
Keratoma
Abnormal keratinization in response to chronic injury
Which type of corrective shoe can be used to assist in the healing of a sagittal fracture of the coffin bone?
Full bar shoe
What can be done using shoes to assist a horse with navicular disease? What do these shoes faciliate?
Rocker-toe shoes with elevated heels
Breakover
What can be done with shoes to aid a horse with a flexor tendon rupture?
Make a shoe with elongated heels
Fetlock support shoe
Fetlock sling shoe
Elevate heel
T/F: When an owner calls you to report a puncture wound to the sole of the hoof, you should advise them to remove the nail as soon as possible to minimize damage.
False, ask them to leave the nail in place so can use rads to judge the prognosis
What is a plate shoe used for?
To aid in healing of a sole abscess
How is a keratoma treated?
Cut and peel away the affected protion of the hoof capsule
Do not cut into the coronet
What is Gravel?
The condition not the tiny rocks
Sole abscess with drainage at the coronary band
What is Quittor? What causes it?
Necrosis of the collateral cartilage
Caused by subcoronary abscess or interferring (interferring only if on medial aspect)
What is the term for the degenerative condition of the frog which usually affects the hindlimb?
Thrush
Diagnosis?
White Line Disease
What can be used in a horse who has very brittle or fragile hooves?
Glue on shoes
How long does it take a quarter crack to the coronary band to resolve?
Doesn’t resolve, hoof will always have that lesion
When does laminitis become chronic?
After 48 hours of continual pain or when rotation of the distal phalanx occurs
Why does coffin bone rotation occur with chronic laminitis?
Lamellae detach from coffin bone and DDFT continually pulls on the bone causing rotation
Which Obel grade indicates laminitis with a stilted gait at the walk and the ability to lift the foot?
Grade 2
T/F: Plaster of Paris can be used to support the sole and aid in the resolution of chronic laminitis.
False, can use for acute
What is the highest Obel grade?
4
At which Obel grade does the horse resist lifting the foot?
Grade 3
What is the term for bone remodelling at the end of the coffin bone that can occur due to chronic laminitis?
Ski-tipped
What causes radiolucent lines in a hoof of a horse with laminitis on a rad?
Chronic laminitis
Rotation of the coffin bone
Which of these is not a risk factor for chronic lamintis?
Pony breed
Fat horse
Soft flooring
Late summer
High carb (grain) diet
NWB lameness
Soft flooring
What are the treatment options for chronic lamintis?
Therapeutic shoeing:
- Dorsal hoof wall resection
- Heart bar shoe
- Reversed horse shoe
DDFT tenotomy
