Castration Flashcards
Why is a teaser surgery performed?
To detect or aid in the identification of estrus to allow females to be bred by males of greater genetic material
What is a ‘ridgling’ or ‘high flanker’?
Cryptorchid
Also ‘rig’ or ‘original’
What is the removal of a segment of the ducuts deferens called?
Vasectomy
In addition to pregnancy, what does a non-entry teaser prevent?
Dissemination of STDs
In which species can the urethral process be removed if calculi are lodged there?
Sheep
Where is uethral obstruction most common in the steer?
Distal sigmoid flexure
If warrented, at what age is castration indicated for horses? Farm animals?
Horse: 1-1.5 years
Farm animals: 10-14 days
What type of emasculatome only crushes?
Pincer emasculatome (Burdizzo)
Incision of what changes a castration from closed to open?
Vaginal tunic
Out-pouching of peritoneal lining
What type of emasculator is this?
a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann
b Plain
What type of emasculator is this?
a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann
e. White
What type of emasculator is this?
a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann
Reimer
What type of emasculator is this?
a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann
f. Hausmann
* Smaller than the others*
Which type of emasculator is best for gelding horses in standing position?
Serra modified
T/F: Double ligation when removing the testicle decreases the risk of infection.
False, increases risk
Which cells nourish spermatozoa? Which cells produce androgens?
Sertoli nourish
Leydig produce hormones
At birth, foal testis are located in the __________.
Inguinal canal
In scrotum in 1-2 weeks
What are 2 consequences of cryptorchidism?
Reduced sperm production
Aggressive behavior
What are the 3 forms of cryptorchidism?
Inguinal
Abdominal
Incomplete abdominal
Which form of cryptorchidism (including the side) is most common in horses?
Left-sided abdominal
Is bilateral or unilateral cryptorchidism more common?
Unilateral
Does inguinal cryptorchidism more common on the left or on the right?
Right
Abominal= Left; Left testicle is larger so it stays in the abdomen more often
Why is it difficult to diagnose an abdominal cryptorchid testicle on rectal palpation?
It is small and soft
What is used for the hormonal assay diagnosis of cryptorchidism? What is measured?
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Testosterone
T/F: Cryptorchidism can resolve but it may take up to 1 year wthout treatment.
True
What is the most common surgical approach for a cryptorchidectomy?
Dorsal recumbency
Under GA
Which testicle should be removed first when castrating a unilateral ridgling?
The retained testicle
Abort sx if can’t find it
What should you find when trying to locate an inguinally retained testicle? Where will you find it?
Gubernaculum
At the cranial medial edge of the inguinal ring
Fibrous structure
What is septic funiculitis?
Scirrhous cord formation- a complication that can occur after castration; chronic, low-grade staphylococcal infection that results in formation of abscesses and fibrous tissues
Champignon= Strep infection
T/F: Castration is the most frequently performed surgery in horses.
True
Water seed is a possible complication of castration. What is this?
A hydrocele or vaginocele which forms after castration, possibly months to years after, which is more common after an open castration
A fluid-filled painless swelling
How is scirrhous cord formation treated?
Surgery
What does it mean for a horse to be ‘Proud cut’?
He is exhibiting continued masculine behavior after castration
Due to retention of epididymal tissue
What do you do if you incise the corpus cavernosum penis during castration?
Surgically reappose the tunic to prevent further complications
T/F: Post-castration eventration can occur up to 6 days post-op and is most often the small intestine.
True
How many cells/uL and for how many days indicate post-castration peritonitis?
>100,000 cells/ uL for 5 days
What is a “false rig”?
A gelding with stallion-like behavior
T/F: Persistent masculine behavior after castration can be learned behavior, especially in older animals.
True
What is the fetal mesenchymal attachment from the caudal aspect of the fetal testis to the
scrotum?
The gubernaculum
What is the slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscles called?
The superfiical inguinal ring
Geldings generally have a serum testosterone concentration of how many pg/mL?
<40
What are the cranial, caudal, and ventromedial borders of the deep inguinal ring?
Caudal edge of the internal abdominal oblique muscle
The pelvis and inguinal ligament
The rectus abdominis muscle and prepubic tendon
