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Musculoskeletal > Tendon Injuries > Flashcards

Tendon Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tendon

A

Atendonis a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone.Tendonsmay also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball.

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2
Q

What cells make up tendons

A

(mostly tenocytes) and fibres (collagen type 1 - triple helix)

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3
Q

What direction are the cells of a tendon

A

Longitudinal arrangement of cells

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4
Q

What is a vinculum

A

avinculum(pl. vincula) is a band of connective tissue, similar to a ligament, that connects a flexortendonto a phalanx bone. They contain tiny vessels which supply blood to thetendon. … These vincula are four folds in the synovial membrane that carry blood vessels to the body and insertion of thetendon.

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5
Q

What happens if a tendon stops moving

A

immobility reduces water content & glycosaminoglycan concentration and strength

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6
Q

What are the types of injury to a tendon (x9)

A 
Degeneration
Inflammation
Enthesiopathy
Traction apophysitis
Avulsion  bone fragment  *
Tear - intrasubstance (rupture) *
Tear - musculotendinous junction
Laceration/ incision
Crush / ischaemia / attrition
Nodules
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7
Q

Where does a tendon degeneration occur

A

Achilles tendon

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8
Q

What happens in a Achilles tendon degeneration injury

A
  • Intrasubstance mucoid degeneration
  • May be swollen, painful, tender; may be asymptomatic
  • ?precursor to rupture
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9
Q

Where does Inflammation of a tendon occur

A

Tendons of EPB + APL passing through common tendon sheath at radial aspect of wrist

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10
Q

What is inflammation of Tendons of EPB + APL passing through common tendon sheath at radial aspect of wrist called

A

De Quervain’s stenosing tenovaginitis

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11
Q

What are signs and symptoms of De Quervain’s stenosing tenovaginitis

A

Swollen, tender, hot, red

Positive Finklestein’s test

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12
Q

What is Enthesiopathy

A

Enthesopathy refers to a problem with the attachment of tendons, ligaments or components of a joint onto the bone.

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13
Q

What is an example of an ethesiopathy of a tendon

A

Tennis elbow (lateral humeral epicondylitis)

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14
Q

What is an example of an ethesiopathy of a ligament

A

Plantar Fasciitis

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15
Q

What is a traction apophysitis

A

Apophysitis results from a traction injury to the cartilage and bony attachment of tendons in children and adolescents.

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16
Q

What is an example of a traction apophysitis

A

Osgood Schlatter’s disease

17
Q

What is Osgood Schlatter’s disease

A

Insertion of patellar tendon into anterior tibial tuberosity in
Adolescent active boys gets Recurrent load and becomes
Inflamed

18
Q

What is an Avulsion

A

An avulsion fracture is an injury to the bone in a location where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone. When an avulsion fracture occurs, the tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone.

19
Q

Whats an example of an Avulsion fracture

A

Mallet finger

20
Q

What is mallet finger

A
  • insertion of extensor tendon into dorsum of base of distal phalanx of finger
  • forced flexion of extended finger
21
Q

What is treatment for an avulsion fracture

A

Conservative or operative

22
Q

What is an intrasubstance rupture

A

A tear when load exceeds failure strength

23
Q

What are examples of intrasubstance ruptures

A

Achilles tendon damage from slipping into a hole or falling from height

24
Q

What are signs of an achilles tendon rupture

A

“positive” Simmond’s (squeeze) test

palpable tender gap

25
Q

What is the Simmonds test

A

The patient lies face down with feet hanging off the edge of the bed. If the test is positive, there is no movement of the foot (normally plantarflexion) on squeezing the corresponding calf, signifying likely rupture of the Achilles tendon.

26
Q

Where are laceration (incision) tendon injuries common

A

esp. finger flexors (FDS & FDP)

27
Q

What is treatment for laceration injuries

A

Repair surgically & early

Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

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