Tendon Injuries Flashcards
What is a tendon
Atendonis a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone.Tendonsmay also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball.
What cells make up tendons
(mostly tenocytes) and fibres (collagen type 1 - triple helix)
What direction are the cells of a tendon
Longitudinal arrangement of cells
What is a vinculum
avinculum(pl. vincula) is a band of connective tissue, similar to a ligament, that connects a flexortendonto a phalanx bone. They contain tiny vessels which supply blood to thetendon. … These vincula are four folds in the synovial membrane that carry blood vessels to the body and insertion of thetendon.
What happens if a tendon stops moving
immobility reduces water content & glycosaminoglycan concentration and strength
What are the types of injury to a tendon (x9)
Degeneration Inflammation Enthesiopathy Traction apophysitis Avulsion bone fragment * Tear - intrasubstance (rupture) * Tear - musculotendinous junction Laceration/ incision Crush / ischaemia / attrition Nodules
Where does a tendon degeneration occur
Achilles tendon
What happens in a Achilles tendon degeneration injury
- Intrasubstance mucoid degeneration
- May be swollen, painful, tender; may be asymptomatic
- ?precursor to rupture
Where does Inflammation of a tendon occur
Tendons of EPB + APL passing through common tendon sheath at radial aspect of wrist
What is inflammation of Tendons of EPB + APL passing through common tendon sheath at radial aspect of wrist called
De Quervain’s stenosing tenovaginitis
What are signs and symptoms of De Quervain’s stenosing tenovaginitis
Swollen, tender, hot, red
Positive Finklestein’s test
What is Enthesiopathy
Enthesopathy refers to a problem with the attachment of tendons, ligaments or components of a joint onto the bone.
What is an example of an ethesiopathy of a tendon
Tennis elbow (lateral humeral epicondylitis)
What is an example of an ethesiopathy of a ligament
Plantar Fasciitis
What is a traction apophysitis
Apophysitis results from a traction injury to the cartilage and bony attachment of tendons in children and adolescents.
What is an example of a traction apophysitis
Osgood Schlatter’s disease
What is Osgood Schlatter’s disease
Insertion of patellar tendon into anterior tibial tuberosity in
Adolescent active boys gets Recurrent load and becomes
Inflamed
What is an Avulsion
An avulsion fracture is an injury to the bone in a location where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone. When an avulsion fracture occurs, the tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone.
Whats an example of an Avulsion fracture
Mallet finger
What is mallet finger
- insertion of extensor tendon into dorsum of base of distal phalanx of finger
- forced flexion of extended finger
What is treatment for an avulsion fracture
Conservative or operative
What is an intrasubstance rupture
A tear when load exceeds failure strength
What are examples of intrasubstance ruptures
Achilles tendon damage from slipping into a hole or falling from height
What are signs of an achilles tendon rupture
“positive” Simmond’s (squeeze) test
palpable tender gap
What is the Simmonds test
The patient lies face down with feet hanging off the edge of the bed. If the test is positive, there is no movement of the foot (normally plantarflexion) on squeezing the corresponding calf, signifying likely rupture of the Achilles tendon.
Where are laceration (incision) tendon injuries common
esp. finger flexors (FDS & FDP)
What is treatment for laceration injuries
Repair surgically & early
