Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Joints, synovial fluid and cartilage > Flashcards

Joints, synovial fluid and cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe fibrous joints

A

Not much movement
Strong
Collagen fibres inbetween bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are fibrous joints found

A

Found in skull (periodontal ligament and cranial sutures

Also interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints

A

Cartilage between

Primary or secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe a primary cartilaginous joint

A

Only hyaline cartilage – SYNCHONDROSIS

Found on growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a secondary cartilaginous joint

A

hyaline & fibrocartilage – SYMPHYSIS

Found in intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the types of synovial joint

A
  • Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Plane, Condylar, Ball and socket
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What determines joint stability

A

Shape of articulating surfaces
Fibrous capsule and ligaments
Muscles
Cartilage (in synovial joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the type of cartilage found in synovial joints

A

Fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does fibrocartilage look like and what is its function in synovial joints

A

Half moon shaped menisci which make the articulating surfaces fit better (increases movement and stability). They also play a role in shock absorption (because they are made up on fibrocartilage (v strong).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does hyaline cartilage look like and what is its function in synovial joints

A

Hyaline cartilage : found In articular surfaces of joints. Also contains collagen but not as densely bound and so it weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of proteins are found in joints

A

Glycoprotein
Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a glycoprotein

A

Glycoproteins (e.g. lubricin): proteins to which oligosaccharide chains are attached, i.e. more a protein than a carbohydrate!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a proteoglycan

A
  • Proteoglycans (e.g. aggrecan): proteins that are heavily glycosylated (= a protein core to which one or more GAGs attach), i.e. tend to be more carb than protein!-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Glycosaminoglycans

A

Glycosaminoglycans or GAGs (e.g. hyaluronic acid): long unbranched polysaccharides, which are highly polar and thus attract water (helps maintain high water content)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a chondrocyte

A

A cartilage cell

17
Q

What do the chondrocytes look like and what to do they do at the superficial layer of hyaline cartilage

A

They are flattened and produce collagen and glycoproteins (lubricin)

18
Q

What do the chondrocytes look like and what to do they do at the transitional/deep layer of hyaline cartilage

A

They are round and produce proteoglycans (aggrecan)

19
Q

What % of hyaline cartilage is water and why is this important

A

> 75% water

Water is incompressible

20
Q

What 3 A words are used to describe cartilage

A

Avascular
Aneural
Alymphatic

21
Q

How does cartilage get its nutrients

A

The synovial fluids help provide nutrients to the cartilage. . It also helps with lubrication (less friction)

22
Q

Where is synovial fluid made

A

It is produced by synoviocytes in the synovial membrane (the synovium)

23
Q

Describe the synovium

A

Synoviocytes producing the fluid
Rich capillary network
No epithelial lining

24
Q

What exchanges at the synovium

A

Direct exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide & metabolites between blood & synovial fluid

25
Q

What are the categories of synoviocyte

A

Type A

Type B

26
Q

Describe type A synoviocytes

A

Look like macrophages

Remove debris from tissue

Contribute to synovial fluid production

27
Q

Describe type B synoviocytes

A

Fibroblast like

Main producer of synovial fluid

28
Q

What does synovial fluid contain

A

Contains Hyaluronic acid & lubricin

29
Q

How long does it take to turnover synovial fluid

A

2 hours (rapid)

30
Q

What are the types of lubrication at a joint

A

Boundary
Hydrodynamic
Weeping

31
Q

What is boundary lubrication

A

Glycoproteins such as lubricin bind to receptors on articular surfaces to form a thin film
Hydrodynamic (like aquaplaning)

32
Q

What is Hydrodynamic lubrication

A

Surfaces kept apart by liquid pressure

Viscosity changes with load and velocity of movement

33
Q

What is weeping lubrication

A

Fluid that is present in the cartilage is squeezed out into the synovial cavity to increase fluid volume

34
Q

What happens to joints in the normal aging process

A

Viscosity of synovial fluid increases

   Slower joint movements

   Reduced lubrication

Water content of cartilage decreases

    Reduced shock 
   absorption

Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions