Temporal & Mechanistic categories of Pain

Question 1

What is temporal pain?

Answer 1

the duration of the pain

Question 2

Temporal aspect of pain is important for what?

Answer 2

for our understanding and appropriate treatment of pain

Question 3

Categories of temporal pain?

Answer 3

Transient nociceptive pain
Acute pain
Chronic pain

Question 4

What is transient nociceptive pain?

Answer 4

unpleasant sensation in response to noxious stimuli that does not injure tissue

Question 5

How is transient nociceptive pain categorized?

Answer 5

by temporary unpleasant discomfort by noxious stimulus that does not result in tissue damage

Question 6

What does transient nociceptive pain include?

Answer 6

• first pain (A delta)

- second pain (C fibers)

Question 7

What serves as an “early warning sign” that alerts the brain to the presence of potentially tissue-damaging events?

Answer 7

transient nociceptive pain

Question 8

What triggers behavior aimed at avoiding harmful stimuli?

Answer 8

transient nociceptive pain

Question 9

What is acute pain?

Answer 9

unpleasant sensation in response to tissue injury and/or inflammation

Question 10

What is recurrent acute pain?

Answer 10

pain that returns periodically but in distinct episodes

Question 11

What type of pain (acute/chronic/transient) is elicited by tissue damage and inflammation that activates nociceptive afferent neurons at the site of local damage?

Answer 11

Acute pain

Question 12

Acute pain:

Local tissue damage and inflammation temporarily alters the response of what?

Answer 12

Peripheral nociceptors (peripheral sensitization) as well as their central connections (central sensitization)

Question 13

What does acute injury-induced physiological changes produce?

Answer 13

hypersensitivity

hyperalgesia & allodynia

Question 14

What happens in acute pain that promotes healing and prevention of further injury?

Answer 14

Acute pain signals the presence of tissue damage and activates physiological and behavioral mechanisms

Question 15

Chronic pain

Answer 15

unpleasant sensation that persists longer than 1 month beyond the normal healing period or that is associated with a pathological process

Question 16

what pain persists after the triggering event has resolved?

Answer 16

chronic pain

Question 17

What pain is associated with a pathology, and can cause continuous pain over months or years?

Answer 17

chronic pain

Question 18

Which pain is not understood to have a protective role?

Answer 18

chronic pain

Question 19

Following the identification of the temporal category of pain, what else must be determined in order to select the appropriate treatment?

Answer 19

determination of the system affected

Question 20

Pain can be broadly classified into two functional categories.

Answer 20

• Nociceptive pain

- Neuropathic pain

Question 21

Is pure psychogenic pain possible?

Answer 21

yes, but rare and difficult to differentiate from the psychological component of pain

Question 22

What is nociception pain further divide into?

Answer 22

somatic pain
visceral pain
inflammatory pain

Question 23

Nociception of the mechanistic categories of pain occurs following….

Answer 23

mechanical, thermal, or chemical noxious stimulus

Question 24

Nociception subcategories must be determined for proper what?

Answer 24

diagnosis and treatment

Question 25

Inflammatory nociceptive pain is associated with the process of tissue repair following what?

Answer 25

tissue damage

Question 26

What is neuropathic pain divided into?

Answer 26

neurogenic and functional pain

Question 27

Which category of mechanistic pain is associated with nervous system disorder?

Answer 27

Neuropathic

Question 28

What does treatment of neuropathic pain depend on?

Answer 28

whether the origin of pain is peripheral (e.g. diabetic neuropathy) or central (e.g. spinal cord injury)

Question 29

Is it possible for a central component of pain to develop following peripheral pain?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

What is functional neuropathic pain defined as?

Answer 30

a dysfunction of the CNS that results in the excitation of neural systems that can enhance the perception of pain or through the inhibition of endogenous pain modulation system

Question 31

Functional neuropathic pain has a neurogenic component but is better described as a dysfunction of what?

Answer 31

endogenous pain control mechanisms

- i.e. fibromyalgia and post-stroke central pain syndrome

Question 32

Nociceptive:

Somatic (fracture, laceration) responses?

Answer 32

• superficial or deep pain
• nociceptive reflex
• autonomic response

Question 33

Nociceptive:

Somatic (fracture, laceration) mechanisms?

Answer 33

Mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimulation

Question 34

Nociceptive:

Visceral (colitis) responses?

Answer 34

• constant or cramping
• not well localized
• autonomic response

Question 35

Nociceptive:

Visceral (colitis) mechanisms?

Answer 35

Distension of viscera

Question 36

Nociceptive:

Inflammatory (arthritis) responses?

Answer 36

• spontaneous pain (diffuse)
• hyperalgesia
• allodynia

Question 37

Neuropathic:

Neurogenic (neuralgia, spinal injury, thalamic injury, sciatic pain) responses?

Answer 37

• Spontaneous pain (sharp, electrical)
• Hyperalgesia
• Allodynia

Question 38

Neuropathic:

Neurogenic mechanisms?

Answer 38

Peripheral or central nervous system injury

Question 39

Neuropathic:

Functional (fibromyalgia, post-stroke central pain syndrome) responses?

Answer 39

• Spontaneous pain (diffuse, deep)
• Hyperalgesia
• Allodynia

Question 40

Neuropathic:

Functional mechanisms?

Answer 40

Hyperactivation or loss of nociceptive tract inhibition