Temporal Lobe Flashcards
What are the two main regions of the temporal lobe based on function?
Brodmann’s areas 41, 42, 22: Involved in auditory functions.
Brodmann’s areas 20, 21, 37, 38: Involved in vision functions
Which Brodmann areas are part of the auditory cortex?
Areas 41 and 42.
What is the inferotemporal cortex, and which Brodmann areas does it include?
Part of the temporal lobe involved in vision functions, including Brodmann areas 20, 21, and 37.
What structures are included in the medial temporal cortex?
The entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.
What caused these symptoms?
Impairment in sound discrimination.
Difficulty differentiating sounds presented quickly or based on duration.
Inability to locate the source of sounds, especially with left temporal lesions.
How do healthy patients and those with auditory cortical lesions differ in sound differentiation?
Healthy patients: Can differentiate sounds with 50ms gaps.
Patients with lesions: Require 500ms gaps.
Why does damage to the auditory cortex impair the ability to attach meaning to sounds?
Because the auditory cortex is tonotopic
What does tonopic mean?
neurons are arranged based on their response to specific frequencies.
What happens with damage to Wernicke’s area (area 22)?
Patients can speak grammatically but produce speech irrelevant to the conversation.
They fail to understand spoken words or instructions and cannot repeat words spoken to them.
How do temporal lobe lesions affect visual perception?
Impair recognition of shapes and objects.
Right temporal lobe damage: Impairs recognizing and recalling faces (prosopagnosia).
How do temporal lobe lesions affect social perception?
Patients often fail to pick up on social signals, like someone glancing at their watch.
What part of the temporal lobe is most associated with memory?
The medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.
How does damage to the temporal lobe affect memory based on the side of damage?
Right temporal lobe: Impairs recall of nonverbal material.
Left temporal lobe: Impairs recall of verbal material.
Which part of the temporal lobe is involved in producing feelings of fear?
The amygdala, located in the medial temporal lobe.
