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Anatomy (III) JH > Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa > Flashcards

Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Boundaries of the Temporal Fossa?

  • Posterior and superior
  • Anterior
  • Lateral
  • Inferior
A

Posterior and superior: Temporal Lines
Anterior: Frontal and Zygomatic Bones
Lateral: Zygomatic Arch
Inferior:Infratemporal crest of the sphenoid

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2
Q

What are the contents of the Temporal Fossa?

A
  • Temporalis Muscle and Fascia
  • Deep Temporal Vessels and nerves
  • Superficial temporal vessels
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
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3
Q

What are the boundaries for the infratemporal Fossa? (Don’t really need to memorize it, it’s just for knowledge)

A

Anterior: Posterior aspect of maxilla
Medial: Lateral Pterygoid plate
Lateral: Ramus of the mandible
Superior: Inferior surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid
posterior: The tympanic plate and the mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone
inferior: Site of attachment of the medial pterygoid to the mandible near its angle

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4
Q

What type of joint is the Temporomandibular joint?

A

A synovial joint; modified hinge joint

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5
Q

What articulates with the temporomandibular joint?

A
  1. Mandibular condyle

2. Mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone

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6
Q

What is an articular disc composed of?

A

fibrocartilage

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7
Q

what are the compartments that the articular disc divides the temporomandibular joint into?

A
  1. superior compartment- responsible for gliding movement of protrusion and retrusion
  2. inferior compartment- responsible for hinge movement of depression and elevation
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8
Q

What does the superior compartment of the temporomandibular joint responsible for?

A

Gliding movement of protrusion nd retrusion

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9
Q

What does the inferior compartment of the temporomandibular joint responsible for?

A

hinge movement of elevation and depression

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10
Q

What is the articular disc peripherally attached to?

A

the joint capsule

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11
Q

What is te articular disc anteromedially attached to?

A

the tendon of the lateral pterygoid

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12
Q

What does the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint attach to superiorly?

A

to the articular tubercle and the margins of the mandibular fossa

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13
Q

What does the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint attach to inferiorly?

A

to the neck of the mandible

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14
Q

What type of membrane lines above and below the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint?

A

Synovial membrane

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15
Q

Does the synovial membrane cover the articular disc of the Temporomandibular joint?

A

NO

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16
Q

Name all three ligaments that are associated with the temporomandibular joint?

A

Temporomandibular ligament (Lateral Ligament)
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament

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17
Q

What is another name of the lateral ligament?

A

Temporomandibular ligament

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18
Q

What does the stylomandibular ligament attach to?

A

Styloid process and the angle of the mandible

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19
Q

What does the sphenomandibular ligament attach to?

A

Spine of the sphenoid and the lingula of the mandible

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20
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Medial pterygoid
  4. Lateral Pterygoid
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21
Q

What nerve innervate the muscles of mastication?

A

innervated by branches of V3 (Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve)

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22
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis?

A

inferior temporal line, temporal fossa, and temporalis fascia

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23
Q

Where is the Temporalis inserted?

A

Coronoid process and anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible

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24
Q

What innervate the Temporalis muscle?

A

Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves

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25
Q

What are the actions of the Temporalis muscle? (3)

A
  1. Elevation of mandible (Closes mouth)
  2. Retrusion of mandible
  3. Right and left lateral movement (grinding and chewing)
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26
Q

What is the origin of the masseter?

A

Inferior border and medial surface of the maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch

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27
Q

Where is the Masseter muscle inserted?

A

Angle and lateral surface of the mandible

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28
Q

What innervate the masseter muscle?

A

Masseteric nerve

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29
Q

What are the actions of the Masseter muscle? (4)

A
  1. Elevation of the mandible
  2. Right and left lateral movement
  3. protrusion of the mandible
  4. retrusion of the mandible
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30
Q

What is the origin of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A

Superior head- infratemporal surface of the greater wing

inferior heard- lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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31
Q

Where is the Lateral Pterygoid muscle inserted?

A

most fibers insert on the pterygoid fovea on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible; some fibers from the superior head insert on the joint capsule and articular disc of the temporomandibular joint.

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32
Q

What innervate the Lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Lateral Pterygoid nerves

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33
Q

What are the actions of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle? (3)

A
  1. Protrusion of the mandible
  2. depresses mandible
  3. Right and left lateral chewing and grinding movements
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34
Q

What is the origin of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A

Deep Head- medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

superficial head- tuberosity of maxilla

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35
Q

What is the insertion of the Medial Pterygoid?

A

Medial surface and angle of mandible

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36
Q

What is the innervation of the Medial Pterygoid?

A

Medial Pterygoid nerve

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37
Q

What are the Actions of the Medial Pterygoid muscle? (3)

A
  1. Elevation of mandible
  2. Protrusion of mandible
  3. Right and Left lateral chewing and grinding movement
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38
Q

What does Excessive contraction of the Lateral pterygoid can cause?

A

It can cause the heads of the mandible to dislocate anteriorly past the articular tubercle

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39
Q

what can lead to the mandible to stay open and the person to be unable to close it?

A

excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoid which causes the heads of the mandible to dislocate anteriorly past the articular tubercle

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40
Q

Why is posterior dislocation of the mandible is uncommon?

A

Due tot he presence of the postglenoid tubercle and the strong lateral ligament

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41
Q

What will Falls in the chin or a direct blow to the chin can most often cause?

A

it will cause the neck of the mandible to fracture before posterior dislocation occurs.

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42
Q

How is Reduction of the anterior dislocated mandible performed?

A

by pressing downward on the last molar teeth

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43
Q

Communications with the infratemporal fossa

A
  • Temporal fossa through the space between the zygomatic arch and cranial wall
  • The orbit through the inferior orbital fissure
  • The middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
  • Pterygopalatine fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure
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44
Q

Contents of the infratemporal fossa (6)

A
  1. Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
  2. Mandibular divions of V (V3)
  3. Otic ganglion
  4. Chorda Tympani
  5. Maxillary artery and its branches
  6. maxillary vein and pterygoid venous plexus
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45
Q

What is V3?

A

Mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve

46
Q

Is V3 Sensory/Motor or both?

A

Both- Large sensory component and a small motor component

47
Q

Trace the path that leads to the V3 entering the infratemporal fossa?

A

Exits the middle cranial fossa via the foramen ovale and enters the infratemporal fossa where it divides into anterior and posterior divisions.

48
Q

Where do branches of the V3 originate?

A

they come from the main trunk as well as the anterior and posterior branches

49
Q

What branches originate from the main trunk of V3?

A
  1. Nerve to the medial pterygoid

2. Meningeal branches

50
Q

What does the nerve tot he medial pterygoid supply?

A

It supplies the medial pterygoid and gives small branches to the tensor tympani and tensor Veli palatine

51
Q

What is the meningeal branch of the V3?

A

Nervus Spinosus

52
Q

What does the meningeal branch of V3 innervate?

A

Dura mater of the middle cranial fossa

53
Q

Where does Meningeal branch enters the skull ?

A

enters the middle cranial fossa via the foramen spinosum

54
Q

where is the foramen spinosum located?

A

in the base of the skull on the sphenoid bone. it is anterior to the spine of the sphenoid bone and lateral to the foramen ovale

55
Q

What are the branches of the Anterior Divison of V3? (4)

A
  1. Nerve to the Masseter
  2. Nerve to the lateral pterygoid
  3. Deep temporal nerves
  4. Buccal nerve
56
Q

What does the nerve to the masseter innervate? and where does it give sensory fibers to?

A

Innervate the masseter

gives sensory fibers to the anterior aspect of the temporomandibular joint

57
Q

How many deep temporal nerves are there?

A

usually 2 (Anterior and Posterior), but sometimes there is a third (middle)

58
Q

What does the Buccal nerve supply?

A

It supplies sensory innervation to the skin and the mucosa of the cheek

59
Q

What are the Branches of the Posterior Division of V3? (4)

A
  1. Auriculotemporal nerve
  2. Inferior Alveolar nerve
  3. Nerve tot he mylohyoid
  4. Lingual nerve
60
Q

How does the auriculotemporal nerve originate?

A

it originates as two roots that encircle the middle meningeal artery and reunite posterior to the artery

61
Q

What does the Auriculotemporal nerve provide innervation to?

A

It provides sensory innervation to the auricle, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, temporomandibular joint and scalp

62
Q

What type of fibers does the Inferior Alveolar nerve contain?

A

Both sensory and motor fiber

63
Q

What foramen does the Inferior alveolar nerve enters and what does it supply?

A

It enters the mandibular foramen and supplies all of the mandibular teeth

64
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve exit ?

A

It exits the mandible at the mental foramen

65
Q

What the inferior alveolar nerve switch names to when it exit the mandible at the mental foramen?

A

Mental nerve

66
Q

What does the Mental nerve innervate?

A

It provides sensory innervation to the skin and the mucosa of the lower lip and chin

67
Q

What nerve is given off the inferior alveolar nerve before it enters the mandibular foramen?

A

the nerve to the mylohyoid

68
Q

Where does the nerve to the mylohyoid is branched off and what type of fibers is it?

A

it’s a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve and it is a motor branch.

69
Q

What does the nerve tot he mylohyoid innervate?

A

it innervates the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle

70
Q

What does the Lingual nerve do?

A

It provides general sensory information (Touch, Pain, Temp) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the mucosa of the floor of the mouth

71
Q

What other nerve joins the Lingual nerve high in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Chorda Tympani

72
Q

What is Otic ganglion associated with?

A

V3 and infratemporal fossa

73
Q

What type of ganglion is the Otic ganglion and where is it located?

A

it’s a small Parasympathetic ganglion that is located inferior to the foramen ovale and medial to V3

74
Q

which branch forms the Tympanic plexus?

A

Tympanic branch of CV IX

75
Q

What does the tympanic plexus supply?

A

It supplies the mucosa of the tympanic cavity

76
Q

What type of fibers leave the tympanic plexus?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

77
Q

What do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers form when they leave the tympanic plexus and where do they synapse?

A

they Form the lesser petrosal nerve and they synapse in the Otic ganglion

78
Q

What nerve do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers join after they leave the Otic ganglion?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

79
Q

What do the Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervate?

A

Parotid gland

80
Q

Where does the Chorda Tympani originate from?

A

Originate from CN VII in the facial cancal just above the stylomastoid foramen

81
Q

Trace the path of Chorda Tympani after it enters the tympanic cavity?

A

Enters the tympanic cavity and courses across the medial side of the tympanic membrane (Ear Drum)
exits the temporal bone via Petrotympanic fissure and enters the infratemporal fossa where it joins the lingual nerve

82
Q

Via what fissure does the Chorda tympani exit the temporal bone?

A

Petrotympanic fissure

83
Q

What does the Petrotympanic fissure open to?

A

Infratemporal Fossa

84
Q

What nerve does the Chorda Tympani join after it enters the Infratemporal fossa?

A

Lingual nerve

85
Q

What type of fibers does the Chorda Tympani contain?

A

Special sensory or taste fibers for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
also contains Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that synapse in the submandibular ganglion

86
Q

Does the Chorda Tympani contain pre or postganglionic parasympathetic fiber?

A

Preganglionic

87
Q

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the Chorda Tympani synapse?

A

Submandibular ganglion

88
Q

Wha do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion supply?

A

submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

89
Q

What are the two branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary artery

superficial temporal artery

90
Q

Where does the maxillary artery arise from?

A

Posterior to the neck of the mandible

91
Q

How many parts of the Maxillary artery is there in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle and what are they?

A
  1. 1st (mandibular) part
  2. 2nd (pterygoid) Part
  3. 3rd (Pterygopalatine) Part
92
Q

Where does the mandibular part of the maxillary artery lie?

A

Lies between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament

93
Q

What nerve and vein accompany the mandibular branch of the maxillary artery?

A

The auriculotemporal nerve

maxillary vein

94
Q

What are the branches of the Mandibular part of the maxillary artery?

A
  1. Deep Auricular
  2. Anterior Tympanic
  3. Middle Meningeal
  4. Accessory Meningeal
  5. Inferior Alveolar
95
Q

What does the deep auricular artery supply?

A

It supplies the external auditory meatus and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane

96
Q

What branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery passes through the petrotympanic fissure with the Chorda Tympani and supply the mucosa of the tympanic cavity?

A

Anterior tympanic artery

97
Q

What branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve; passes through the foramen spinosum to enter the middle cranial fossa?

A

Middle meningeal artery

98
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

A

The Dura mater and the skull

99
Q

What does Accessory Meningeal artery pass through and what does it supply?

A

It passes through the foramen ovale to supply the trigeminal ganglion and adjacent dura mater

100
Q

What artery accompany the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal and exits the mental foramen with the mental nerve?

A

Inferior alveolar artery

101
Q

What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?

A

the chin

102
Q

Where does the artery to the mylohyoid originate from?

A

the inferior alveolar artery before it enters the mandibular foramen

103
Q

Where does the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery located in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Passes anteriorly and superiorly

104
Q

what are the branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery?

A
  1. Masseteric artery
  2. Anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries
  3. Pterygoid Arteries
  4. Buccal Artery
105
Q

What nerve does the branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery accompany?

A

Branches of V3

106
Q

What does the Buccal artery supply?

A

It supplies the Buccinator, skin of cheek and mucosa of oral cavity

107
Q

What is the buccinator a branch of?

A

branch of CN VII

108
Q

What is the Pterygoid Venous Plexus and where is it Located?

A

a complex network of veins located partly between the temporalis and the pterygoid muscles

109
Q

What veins drain into the Pterygoid Plexus?

A

Most o f the veins that accompany branches of the maxillary artery

110
Q

What does the Pterygoid Venous Plexus communicate with?

A
  1. Cavernous Sinus
  2. Inferior Ophthalmic vein
  3. Facial vein via deep facial vein
111
Q

How does the pterygoid venous plexus communicate with the cavernous sinus?

A

via small veins passing through the foramen ovale, foramen lacerum, and sometimes a sphenoidal emmissary foramen

Anatomy (III) JH (3 decks)

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