Tempo, Expression, and Articulation Markings Flashcards
prestissimo
as fast as possible
presto
very fast
allegro
fast, quickly
allegretto
moderately fast
moderato
moderately paced
andantino
moderately slow
andante
slow but moving (walking)
adagio/lento
slow
larghetto
very slow but moving
largo
very slow and broad
grave
very slow and heavy
ritardando
gradually slower
rallentando
gradually slower and broader
ritenudo
suddenly slower
allargando
gradually slower and louder
calando
gradually slower and softer
sostenuto
sustaining
accelerando
gradually faster
stringendo
gradually faster and hastening
piu allegro
more lively
piu mosso
more motion
meno mosso
less motion
morendo
dying away
tempo rubato
taken freely
a piacere
at pleasure
tempo giusto
in exact tempo
alla misura
strict tempo
senza misura
freely
a tempo
previous tempo
tempo primo
first tempo
l’istesso tempo
same tempo
sforzando
with sudden emphasis
leggiero
light
accelerando
with increasing speed
agitato
in an agitated manner
amoroso
lovingly
animato
in a lively manner
appassionato
impassioned
cantabile
in a singing style
con affeto
with tender emotion
con amore
with love
con anima
with spirit
con brio
vigorously
con fuoco
with fire
con moto
quickly
dolce
gently and sweetly
doloroso
in a sorrowful manner
energico
energetically
espressivo
expressively
furioso
in a frantically rushing manner
giocoso
merry
grazioso
graceful
lacrimoso
sad and mournful
maestoso
majestically
marziale
martial, military-like
non troppo/non tanto
not too much
pomposo
in a pompous manner
scherzando
in jocular style
sciolto
free and easy
smorzando
dying away
sospirando
“sighing”
sotto voce
extremely quiet
strascinando
stretched out
stringendo
with increasing speed
vivace
in a brisk, lively manner
volante
“flying,” light and fast
marcato
with emphasis
forzando
can be used interchangeable with sforzando, “forced,” strongly accent the notes over which the marking occurs
rinforzando
“reinforcing” or “strengthening,” increase volume of a group of notes throughout a phrase, similar to a crescendo but over a shorter length of time
tenuto
“to hold,” hold the note for its full value
portato
“to carry,” smoothly detach the notes similarly to a legato, but shorter in length and longer than a staccato. A smooth, pulsing articulation
staccato
“to detach,” shortly detach the note
staccastissimo
an extremely shortened note
con bravura
with bravery
con grazia
with grace
con tenerezza
with tenderness
affretando
“to hurry,” quickening of the tempo and a mood of agitation
slentando
“to slow down,” gradually decrease the tempo as the music slows down
allargando
“to widen,” gradually decrease tempo in a deliberate and imposing character
con sordino
with mute