Temples

Question 1

Greek Temples

Answer 1

Ideal proportions, cella (windowless room that houses the statue of the deity), pronaos in front of cella (porch), opisthodomos (behind cella, rear porch), prostyle (colonnade at only front), amphiprostyle (across front and back), peristyle (all around), double colonnades were features of elaborate temples. 1:3. Doric and ionic orders. Marble.

Question 2

Temple of Hera I

Answer 2

Doric temple with a peristyle. Heavy, closely spaced columns with bulky pancake like capitals. Archaic Greek temple. Odd number of columns on exterior and single row of columns in cella, no room for statue.

Question 3

Siphnian treasury

Answer 3

Storehouse for city’s votive offerings. Ionic treasury features caryatids in the porch and sculptures in the pediment and frieze.

Question 4

Temple of Aphaia

Answer 4

Doric columns are slenderer and more widely spaced than Temple of Hera I.

Question 5

Temple of Hera II or Apollo

Answer 5

Lacks pediment sculpture.

Question 6

Parthenon

Answer 6

Doric and Ionic temple with doric columns and metopes on exterior and ionic columns and frieze on interior.

Question 7

Mnesikles, Propylaia

Answer 7

Disguised change in ground level by splitting it into eastern and western sections. Doric temple but with wider space between the central columns.

Question 7

Erechtheion

Answer 7

Antithesis to Parthenon, ionic temple. Asymmetrical form is unique for a Greek temple. South porch features caryatids. Classical.

Question 8

Temple of Athena Nike

Answer 8

Ionic temple at entrance of Acropolis unusually amphiprostyle building.

Question 8

Theodoros of Phokaia, tholos

Answer 8

Best preserved example of a round temple of the Classical period. Doric columns on the exterior and Corinthian columns inside.

Question 9

Pergamon

Answer 9

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Question 10

Etruscan Temples

Answer 10

Widely spaced, unfluted wood columns placed only at the front. Walls were made of sun-dried mud brick and a narrow staircase at the center of the facade. Tile covered timber roof, stairs sat on high podium made of stone, 6:5, Tuscan columns, three cellas, terracotta life size statuary along roof ridges.

Question 11

Roman Temples

Answer 11

Combined Etruscan and Greek elements. Stone.

Question 12

Temple of Portunus

Answer 12

Republican temple with pseudoperipteral stone temple that employs the ionic order, but it has a staircase and free-standing columns only at the front.

Question 13

Temple of Vesta

Answer 13

Round temple type. Modeled after Greek tholoi. Frontal orientation and a concrete cella.

Question 14

Maison Carree

Answer 14

Corinthian pseudoperipteral temple in France. Augustan classical architecture style.

Question 15

Pantheon

Answer 15

Cylindrical drum and huge hemispherical dome. Interior symbolizes both the orb of the earth and the vault of the heaves. Corinthian columns.