Temple, Pagoda And Grotto Flashcards
Han Buddhism Temple: KEY IDEAS
Emphasizing both self-benefit and benefiting the others
With the ultimate goal of achieving Buddhahood to help all sentient beings
Tibetan Buddhism Temple: KEY IDEAS
Emphasizing both self-benefit and benefiting the others
With the ultimate goal of achieving Buddhahood to help all sentient beings
Theravada Buddhism Temple: KEY IDEAS
Focusing on self-liberation
Aiming for personal enlightenment by eliminating one’s own suffering
Han Buddhism Temple (Mahayana Buddhism): ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS
Layout: symmetrical layout with a central axis, reflecting order, balance and hierarchy
Key elements: multiple courtyards leading to the main hall, where Buddhz statue is enshrined
Colors: neutral Colors for solemn
Roof : Hip Roof, Gable and Hip Roof
Appearance: serenity and grandeur, Wooden structures intricately decorated with carvings
Tibetan Buddhism Temple (Mahayana Buddhism): ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Layout: Normally irregular due to the region’s geography and spiritual practices. Usually built on elevated ground for a closer connection to the divine
Key elements: similar to Han Buddhism Temple
Colors: brightly painted with white and red
Roof: flat roof
Appearance: more monumental and fortress-like, with thick walls
Tibetan Buddhism Temple (Mahayana Buddhism): ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Layout: Normally irregular due to the region’s geography and spiritual practices. Usually built on elevated ground for a closer connection to the divine
Key elements: similar to Han Buddhism Temple
Colors: brightly painted with white and red
Roof: flat roof
Appearance: more monumental and fortress-like, with thick walls
Theravada Buddhism Temple: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS
Layout: simpler, more compact layouts compared to Mahayana temples
Key elements: prominent use of stupad or pagodas, representing the relics of the Buddha
Colour: bright gold or pure white (symb enlightenment)
Roof: often tiered with intricate woodwork
Appearance: richly decorated, with detailed ornamentation that conveys spiritual and cultural symbolism
Evolution of typical layouts of temple: What is the period of Centered on “Stupa Court”?
Han-Wei-Western Jin Period
Evolution of typical layouts of temple: What is the period of Palace Layout (Buddha Hall)?
Tang and Song Dynasty
Evolution of typical layouts of temple: What is the period of Residential Hiuse Layout (Buddha Hall)?
The Two Jin Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties
What are the characters of the Stupa Court?
Adopted the towers as the principal buildings which were called «futu» or «fotu»
Worshippers could walk around the stupa as part of their spiritual practice, symbolizing the path of enlightenment
What are the characters of the Palace Layout?
The increasing size and significance of Buddhist statues led to larger Buddha halls.
Some of the large temples built by the authorities were comparable to palaces in scale and design
Architectural elements were arranged symmetrically around the Buddha Hall, reflecting the hierarchical structure of Buddhist life
A spiritual center and self-sustaining community, which is not only for worship but also supports a variety of functions
What are the characters of the Residential House Layout during the Two Jin Dynasties?
Some upper class Buddhist followers donated their mansions for temples
Preserved the basic courtyard compound layout of the mansions; front hall-Buddha hall, rear hall - lecture hall
What are the characters of the Residential House Layout during Sui and Tang Dynasties?
Features symmetrical courtyard layouts with surrounding corridors and corner towers
The front hall served as the main structure
What happened during Ming and Qing Dynasties about the Buddhist architecture?
It became standardised : religious area in the center
Public area on the left (Arhat Hall and Pilgrim Area)
Living area of the Monks on the right
Describe the evolution of typical layouts of temples
The earlier tower-centered design gradually declined, with towers moved to the sides or behind the main hall, or sometimes omitted entirely