Temperature & Ideal gases definitions

Question 1

Thermal Equilibrium

Answer 1

When there is no net flow of heat between two objects in thermal contact, the two objects are in a state of thermal equilibrium

Question 2

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other

Question 3

The absolute scale of temperature / The thermodynamic scale of temperature

Answer 3

The absolute scale of temperature or the thermodynamic scale of temperature is one that is independent of the property of any substance and has an absolute zero

Question 4

Absolute zero

Answer 4

Absolute Zero is defined as the zero point (0 K) of the thermodynamic temperature scale and the temperature at which all substances have a minimum internal energy

Question 5

Ideal gas

Answer 5

A gas which obeys the equation of state pV = nRT at all pressures, volumes and temperatures

Question 6

Assumptions of an ideal gas

Answer 6

1. The gas consists of a large number of molecules in random motion (so that only the average behaviour is considered)
2. The molecules exert no intermolecular forces on one another except during collisions (microscopic PE = 0)
3. Collisions between the molecules and the container are perfectly elastic
4. The duration of an intermolecular collision is negligible compared with the duration between collisions
5. The volume of the molecules is negligible compared with the volume occupied by the gas

Question 7

Avagadro Number, Na

Answer 7

6.02 x 10^23 mol^-1

Question 8

Molar Gas Constant, R

Answer 8

8.31 J K^-1 mol^-1

Question 9

Boltzmann constant, k

Answer 9

k = R/Na
1.38 x 10^-23 J K^-1