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Physics RCOA > Temperature & Humidity > Flashcards

Temperature & Humidity Flashcards

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1
Q

Define heat

A

The form of kinetic energy that passes between 2 substances

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2
Q

Define temperature

A

The property of a substance that determines whether it will transfer or receive heat to/from another substance.

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3
Q

What does the amount of heat depend on?

A

The mass of the substance

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4
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temp of a unit of mass of substance by 1K

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5
Q

What is the triple point?

A

The temp & pressure at which solid, liquid, gas phases of a substance exist in equilibrium
273K

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6
Q

What is STP?

A

Standard temperature & pressure

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7
Q

What is critical temperature?

A

The temp above which a vapour cannot be liquefied by any amount of pressure

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8
Q

What is latent heat?

A

The energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature

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9
Q

What are the types of latent heat?

A
  • Latent heat of vaporisation
  • Latent heat of fusion
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10
Q

What are the 3 scales used for measuring temperature?

A
  • Fahrenheit
  • Celsius (273K)
  • Kelvin
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11
Q

What is 1K equal in magnitude to?

A

1 degree celsius

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12
Q

What does doubling the kelvin do to a volume of gas

A

Double the volume

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13
Q

What does a resistance wire temperature graph look like?

A

Linear - as temp increases (Y axis) so does resistance (X axis)

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14
Q

What does a thermistor temperature graph look like?

A

Inverse exponential graph. As temp falls so does resistance exponentially

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15
Q

What does a thermocouple temperature graph look like?

A

Linear graph- as temp difference increases so does potential difference

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16
Q

What are the advantages/ disadvantages of each type of graph?

A

Wire: Very accurate but fragile and slow
Thermistor: Cheap, small, fast but calibration error & deteriorates over time
Thermocouple: Tough, cheap, small but needs signal amplification

17
Q

What are non-electrical methods of measuring temperature?

A
  • Liquid expansion: Mercury expands with heat
  • Dial: Metal coil that turns pointer as heated up
  • Tympanic/infrared: Emit electromagnetic radiation. Intensity & wavelength for max radiation is detected
  • Chemical: Plastic strip containing colour changing crystals
18
Q

How is heat transferred/lost?

A
  • Radiation - MOST
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Conduction
19
Q

How does hypothermia affect the body systems?

A

-CVS: VasoC, inc blood viscosity, reduced CO
- Resp: Reduced O2 demand & CO2 production
- Neuro: Confusion
- Anaesthetics: Reduced MAC, prolongs NM blockers
- Other: Reduced metabolism, diuresis, coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis

19
Q

What does hypothermia do to the O2 dissociation curve?

A

Shifts to the left - reduced O2 tissue delivery

20
Q

What makes a patient high risk for perioperative hypothermia?

A
  • ASA 2 +
  • Pre-op temp <36
  • Combined RA & GA
  • At risk of CVS complications
  • Intermediate/major surgery
21
Q

What is the Seebeck effect?

A

The production of voltage at the junction of 2 different conductors.
Magnitude is proportional to temp.

22
Q

What is absolute humidity?

A

A fixed amount of water vapour in the atmosphere per unit vol at a give temp/pressure

23
Q

Which holds more water warm or cool air?

A

Warm- increasing amount of H2O is required to saturate a gas as temp increases

24
Q

What is humidity?

A

The amount of water present in the atmosphere

25
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

The ratio of the mass of water vapour in a given vol of air compared with the mass required to saturate that vol of air

26
Q

What is a dew point?

A

The temp at which the relative humidity of the air exceeds 100% and water condenses out as liquid

27
Q

What is a hygrometer?

A

Instrument for measuring humidity

28
Q

What is hygroscopic material?

A

Material that attracts moisture from the atmosphere

29
Q

What are the humidity values for room, alveoli & trachea, soda lime?

A

Air at room temp: 17
Air at body temp/alveoli : 44
Air in upper trachea: 34
Soda lime: 29

30
Q

What problems can dry air cause to airways?

A
  • Drying of resp mucosa
  • Thickening of mucus causing plugging
  • Reduced ciliary activity
  • Keratinisation & ulceration
31
Q

What are the different mechanisms to humidify air?

A

1) Cold water bath - least effective
2) HME
3) Hot water bath
4) Bernoulli neb
5) USS neb - most effective

32
Q

Where are the different sized droplets in a nebuliser deposited?

A

20um = tubing/upper resp tract
2-5um = trachea-bronchial tree
1um = alveoli
<1um = no deposit, inhaled & exhaled

33
Q

How are absolute and relative humidity measured?

A

Absolute: Regnault’s hygrometer
Relative: Hair hygrometer, Wet & dry bulb hygrometer, Regnault’s hygrometer

Physics RCOA (9 decks)

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