Temperature and Phases of Matter Flashcards
Heating
The transfer of energy from a region of higher temperature to one at a lower temperature
Thermal Equilibrium
A state in which there is no net flow of thermal energy between two systems is considered to be in ‘thermal equilibrium’
Triple point
A specific temperature and pressure where the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, and gases) can exist in thermal equilibrium
Kinetic Model
A model that describes all substances to be comprised of atoms, molecules, or ions that are arranged dependent on the phase of the substance
Solid
Highly ordered, closely packed atoms or molecules with very strong electrostatic force of attraction between atoms or molecules. Atoms or molecules can have small vibrations, and therefore have kinetic energy
Liquid
No fixed shape, but atoms or molecules still closely packed. Atoms and molecules can flow past each other but there is still electrostatic forces acting between the atoms or molecules. Higher kinetic energy than solids
Gas
No fixed shape and atoms and molecules are far apart from each other. Negligible electrostatic forces, so can ignore: therefore atoms and molecules are free to move past each other unless they collide head-on. Gaseous atoms or molecules have high speeds and therefore high kinetic energies
Brownian Motion
The continuous and random movement of particle suspended in a fluid, visible under a microscope
Temperature
The average kinetic energy of particles in a system
Internal Energy
The sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules/particles of a system
