Mechanical Properties of Matter Flashcards
Tensile Stress
The tension force per unit cross-sectional area of a material
Tensile Strain
The extension per unit length of a material
Young’s Modulus
The tensile stress per unit tensile strain
Ultimate Tensile Strength
The maximum stress a material can withstand before fracture
Elastic Limit
The value of stress or force beyond which elastic deformation becomes plastic deformation; the material will not return to its original shape and size when the stress or force is removed
Limit of Proportionality
The value of the stress beyond which the stress is no longer proportional to the strain
Elastic Region
Removal of stress or force will return the object to its original shape
Plastic Region
Removal of the stress or force will not return the object to its original shape; the change in shape of the material is irrecoverable
Yield Point
The point beyond which the material extends rapidly for a small change in stress
Brittle
A material that distorts very little even when subject to a large stress and does not exhibit much plastic deformation; for example, concrete or glass
Ductile
Materials that have a large plastic region and therefore they can be drawn into a wire; for example, copper
Polymeric
Materials that consist of long molecular chains; they experience a high strain before breaking
Strength
The extent to which a material resists breaking under stress; a strong material has a high Ultimate Tensile Strength and high breaking stress
Stiffness
The extent to which a material under stress experiences a strain
Hysteresis loop
A loop-shaped plot obtained when, for example, loading and unloading a material produce different deformations
