Temperament and Development

Question 1

Ways of thinking about “temperament”
- relative consistency across situations and time

Answer 1

• behavioral predispositions
• biological preparedness

Question 2

4 important characteristics of temperaments

Answer 2

• Normal
• Neutral
• Interact
• Implications

Question 3

6 ways of thinking about the heritability of temperament

Answer 3

• animal breeding
• longitudinal studies
• Genetic research
• some Genetic conditions
• twin studies
• adoption studies

Question 4

1- Carl Jung: Introversion/ extraversion

Answer 4

• intro: want to keep cortical arousal to a min
• extra: want to heighten cortical arousal

Question 5

2- In Kagans model who are the inhibited and who are the disinhibited

Answer 5

• inhibited would be the introverts (easily distressed by new things)
• disinhibited would be the extroverts (comfortable/ delighted by new experiences)

Question 6

True or False: Temperament is highly heritable

Answer 6

True!

Question 7

3- New York Longitudinal Studies. There are three temperament clusters

Answer 7

• Easy: positive mood to new situations
• Difficult: negative mood, withdraws from new situations
• Slow to warm up: requires letting the child adapt to new environments at their own pace

Question 8

4- Rothbart: emotional regulation developmental model

Answer 8

• surgency/extraversion
• negative affect
• effortful control
• orienting sensitivity