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Neuropsych > Temp Lobe Org and Function > Flashcards

Temp Lobe Org and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the lateral surface of the temporal regions?

A

1) Auditory areas (Superior temporal gyrus (Broadmann’s areas 41, 42, 22))
2) Ventral stream of visual information (Middle and inferior temporal gyri (areas 20, 21, 37, 38))

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2
Q

What are the subcortical temporal lobe structures?

A

Limbic cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampal formation

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3
Q

What is/ what is the purpose of the insula?

A

Area under Sylvian fissure

Contains the gustatory cortex and auditory association cortex

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4
Q

What is/ what is the purpose of the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ)?

A

Cortical region lying along the boundary of temporal and parietal lobes
Central to decision-making in a social context

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5
Q

There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Hierarchical Sensory Pathway?

A

Stimulus Recognition

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6
Q

There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Dorsal Auditory Pathway?

A

Directing movements with response to auditory information

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7
Q

There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Polymodal Pathway?

A

Stimulus categorization

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8
Q

There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Medial Temporal Projection?

A

Crucial to long-term memory

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9
Q

There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Frontal Lobe Projection?

A

Movement control, short-term memory, affect

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10
Q

The original model of the ventral stream portrayed it as a hierarchical pathway from the occipital cortex to the temporal lobe. What does the modified model suggest?

A

At least 6 cortical and subcortical pathways comprise the stream

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11
Q

What are the three basic sensory functions of the temporal lobe?

A

1) Processing auditory input
2) Visual object recognition
3) Long-term storage of sensory input- memory

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12
Q

Which temporal lobe (left or right) has a more important role in facial processing?

A

Right temporal lobe

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13
Q

Which temporal lobe (left or right) plays a major role in temporal grouping for rhythm?

A

Left temporal lobe

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14
Q

Which temporal lobe (left or right) plays a major role in extracting pitch from sound?

A

Right temporal lobe

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15
Q

With regard to the asymmetry of temporal lobe function, what are some primary functions of the LEFT temporal lobe?

A

Verbal memory

Speech/word processing

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16
Q

With regard to the asymmetry of temporal lobe function, what are some primary functions of the RIGHT temporal lobe?

A

Nonverbal memory
Musical/ prosody processing
Facial processing
Grammar processing

17
Q

Verbal hallucinations activate the _____ ______ cortex, _____’s area, and the ______ ______ in the ______ temporal cortex

A

Verbal hallucinations activate the primary auditory cortex, Broca’s area, and the speech zone in the posterior temporal cortex

18
Q

What is cortical deafness?

A

Bilateral damage to the auditory cortex

Absence of neural activity in the auditory regions

19
Q

What is/ are some characteristics of “temporal lobe personality”?

A

Associated with right temporal lobectomy

overemphasizes trivial and petty aspects of life
pedantic speech
egocentricity
perseveration in discussing personal problems
paranoia
preoccupation with religion
proneness to aggression

20
Q

Anterograde Amnesia versus Retrograde Amnesia

A

Anterograde: inability to acquire new memories
Retrograde: inability to access old memories

21
Q

Explicit memory

A

Events, facts, and episodic (autobiographical) memories
Conscious intentional remembering
“Top-down” processing

22
Q

What is the unique anatomical component associated with emotional memory?

A

The amgydala. Damage to it disrupts emotional memory, but not implicit or explicit memory

23
Q

Implicit memory

A

Unconscious memory

Includes procedural memory and emotional conditioning

24
Q

Damage from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in the _________ can lead to ________ amnesia. Damage from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis to the _________ can lead to ________ amnesia.

A

medial temporal lobe –> anterograde

insula –> retrograde

25
Q

Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Begins with cellular change in medial temporal cortex and anterograde amnesia
Later, damage to temporal association and frontal cortical areas is related to retrograde amnesia and semantic loss

26
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A

Caused by thiamine (vitamin b1) deficiency
Damage may be in medial thalamus, mammillary bodies of hypothalamus, and frontal lobe atrophy

Characterized by:
anterograde and retrograde amnesia
confabulation 
meager content in conversation
lack of insight
apathy
27
Q

What are the four core language skills?

A
  1. Categorization (designates certain qualities to specific concepts)
  2. Labeling categories (attaches words to different concepts)
  3. Sequencing behavior (order vocal movements used in speech, also sequence face, body, and arm/hand movements used to produce nonverbal language)
  4. Mimicry (fosters language development)
28
Q

Continuity Theory versus Discontinuity Theory for the origin of language

A

Continuity Theory: language evolved gradually

Discontinuity Theory: language evolved rapidly and appeared suddenly

29
Q

Aphasia

A

Language disorder in speech, in writing, or in reading

does NOT include disorders resulting from loss of sensory input/ motor paralysis

30
Q

Fluent versus Non Fluent Aphasia

A

Fluent:
impairment in input or reception of language
(e.g. Wernicke’s, Transcortical Sensory Aphasia, Conduction Aphasia, Anomic Aphasia)

Non-Fluent:
poor/ laborious speech
(e.g. Broca’s, Transcortical Motor Aphasia, Global Aphasias)

31
Q

Pure Aphasias

A

Alexia (inability to read)
Agraphia (inability to write)
Word deafness (Cannot hear or repeat words)

32
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia in language?

A

Important for motor aspects of speech

33
Q

What is the role of the thalamus in language?

A

Influences language through connections with cortex

Damage is associated with variety of speech and language disturbances

Neuropsych (5 decks)

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