Final Exam Review Guide

Question 1

Major function/ area: frontal lobe

Answer 1

complex socioemotional

planning, organization, higher order functioning

Question 2

Major function/ area: occipital lobe

Answer 2

low-level vision

Question 3

Major function/ area: temporal lobe

Answer 3

basic socioemotional, language, audition

Question 4

Major function/ area: parietal lobe

Answer 4

concerned with reception and correlation of sensory info

Question 5

Major function/ area: cerebellum

Answer 5

finesse movements

Question 6

Major function/ area: thalamus

Answer 6

relay station of the brain

Question 7

Major function/ area: amygdala

Answer 7

experience of emotion

Question 8

explicit/ declarative memory

Answer 8

memories that can be consciously recalled

Question 9

semantic memory

Answer 9

memory for facts

Question 10

episodic memory

Answer 10

memory of autobiographical events

Question 11

learning/ memory process

Answer 11

encoding, consolidation, recall

Question 12

agnosia

Answer 12

object recognition problem

Question 13

prosopagnosia

Answer 13

facial recognition problem

Question 14

aphasia

Answer 14

loss of ability to understand (Wernicke) or express (Broca) speech

Question 15

anosognosia

Answer 15

loss of knowledge of self, lack awareness of deficit

Question 16

socioemotional functioning (theory of mind, empathy, inhibition)

Answer 16

issues with this implicated in FTLD, suggests that the frontal lobe is important for this kind of functioning

Question 17

ataxia

Answer 17

difficulty carrying out the movement (ataxia ‘attacks ya’)

Question 18

dyslexia

Answer 18

difficulty reading

Question 19

neglect

Answer 19

results after stroke usually, tend to ignore things on the left because of the way the two hemispheres attend to the visual fields. right attends to both, so knocking out right leads to left neglect

Question 20

amnesia

retrograde
anterograde
temporal gradient
fugue

Answer 20

memory loss

retro - loss of memory before accident

antero- can’t form new memories post-accident

temp gradient- loss of memory right before and right after accident, looks like gradient where most loss is around time of accident

fugue- dissociation, psychological state w/ no organic cause

Question 21

cortical blindness

Answer 21

subcortical processing of vision

Question 22

blind sight

Answer 22

think you can see, but no awareness

Question 23

neuron structure

Answer 23

axon, soma, dendrites, myelin, electrical signals, resting potential, neurotransmitters

Question 24

meninges

Answer 24

dura mater (tough), arachnoid mater (spider web-y), pia mater (tender)

Question 25

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 25

liquid that fills the ventricles and suspends the brain Also runs through the spinal tract and menages

Question 26

blood-brain barrier

Answer 26

tight junctions that are only permeable to fat soluble molecules

Question 27

white matter

Answer 27

paler tissue, mostly nerve fibers with myelin sheath. loss of this usually impacts processing speed Inner, sub-cortex

Question 28

gray matter

Answer 28

tissue consisting of dendrites, glial cells, synpases, capillaries Outer, neocortex, information created

Question 29

corpus callosum

Answer 29

connecting fibers between two hemispheres Separation causes disconnection syndrome

Question 30

anterior commissure

Answer 30

connects the frontal lobes

Question 31

motor and somatosensory strip

Answer 31

motor - | somatosensory -

Question 32

sulci and gyri

Answer 32

sulci (grooves, like the valleys, sulci sounds like sunken) | gyri (bumps, like the peaks)

Question 33

Stroke

Answer 33

interruption of blood supply to the brain

Question 34

Alzheimer's

Answer 34

progressive disease that destroys memory, people generally still have their social graces intact

Question 35

bvFTD

Answer 35

behavioral variant frontotemporal disorder characterized by early and progressive changes in personality, emotional blunting and/or loss of empathy.

Question 36

Parkinson's

Answer 36

lack of movement, caused by death of the substantia nigra leading to less dopamine

Question 37

Huntington's

Answer 37

excessive movements, inherited disorder

Question 38

Hydrocephalus

Answer 38

build up of fluid in the brain

Question 39

Seizures

Answer 39

abnormal electrical activity

Question 40

Callosotomy resection psychosurgery

Answer 40

cutting corpus callosum cut out tumor lobotomies

Question 41

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 41

degredation of the myelin sheath, processing speed slowed

Question 42

Autism Spectrum

Answer 42

issues with normal social functioning

Question 43

Praeder- Willi

Answer 43

overeating, insatiable hunger, knockout of paternal gener

Question 44

Fragile X

Answer 44

intellectual, inherited disorder

Question 45

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 45

movement disorder

Question 46

Down's syndrome

Answer 46

intellectual, random mutation

Question 47

Rhett's disorder

Answer 47

degeneration after 6-18 months

Question 48

Angelman's

Answer 48

severe intellectual impairments (can't talk, etc.) but are sweet and "angel-like"

Question 49

``` anterior vs posterior rostral vs caudal medial vs lateral dorsal vs ventral ipsilateral vs contralateral proximal vs distal ```

Answer 49

``` front vs back beak vs tail middle vs side back vs stomach same side vs opposite side close vs far ```

Question 50

Major function/ area: basal ganglia

Answer 50

dysfunction implicated in movement disorders Dopamine pathway